Overall Role of Contactins Expression in Neurodevelopmental Events and Contribution to Neurological Disorders

Antonella Bizzoca; Emilio Jirillo; Paolo Flace; Gianfranco Gennarini

doi:10.2174/1871527322666221212160048

Overall Role of Contactins Expression in Neurodevelopmental Events and Contribution to Neurological Disorders

CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2022 Dec 12. doi: 10.2174/1871527322666221212160048. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Antonella Bizzoca¹, Emilio Jirillo¹, Paolo Flace¹, Gianfranco Gennarini¹

Affiliation

¹ Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs. Medical School. University of Bari. Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11. I-70124 Bari. Italy.

PMID: 36515028
DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666221212160048

Abstract

Background: Neurodegenerative disorders may depend upon a misregulation of the pathways which sustain neurodevelopmental control. In this context, this review article focuses on Friedreich ataxia (FA), a neurodegenerative disorder resulting from mutations within the gene encoding the Frataxin protein, which is involved in the control of mitochondrial function and oxidative metabolism.

Objective: The specific aim of the present study concerns the FA molecular and cellular substrates, for which available transgenic mice models are proposed, including mutants undergoing misexpression of adhesive/morphoregulatory proteins, in particular belonging to the Contactin subset of the immunoglobulin supergene family.

Methods: In both mutant and control mice, neurogenesis was explored by morphological/morphometric analysis through the expression of cell type-specific markers, including -tubulin, the Contactin-1 axonal adhesive glycoprotein, as well as the Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP).

Results: Specific consequences were found to arise from the chosen misexpression approach, consisting of a neuronal developmental delay associated with glial upregulation. Protective effects against the arising phenotype resulted from antioxidants (essentially epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)) administration, which was demonstrated through the profiles of neuronal (-tubulin and Contactin 1) as well as glial (GFAP) markers, in turn indicating the concomitant activation of neurodegeneration and neuro repair processes. The latter also implied activation of the Notch-1 signaling.

Conclusion: Overall, this study supports the significance of changes in morphoregulatory proteins expression in the FA pathogenesis and of antioxidant administration in counteracting it, which, in turn, allows to devise potential therapeutic approaches.

Keywords: Axonal growth control; Contactins; Friedreich Ataxia.; Neural cell interactions; Neural degeneration; Neural development; Neural disorders; Neural morphogenesis.