Global burden of calcific aortic valve disease and attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019

Jiaye Yu; Zhuo Wang; Qinyi Bao; Shuxin Lei; Yayu You; Zhehui Yin; Xiaojie Xie

doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1003233

Global burden of calcific aortic valve disease and attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019

Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022 Nov 23:9:1003233. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1003233. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Jiaye Yu¹, Zhuo Wang¹, Qinyi Bao¹, Shuxin Lei¹, Yayu You¹, Zhehui Yin¹, Xiaojie Xie¹

Affiliation

¹ Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Abstract

Background: Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) was highly prevalent among developed countries and caused numerous deaths. Based on the Global Burden of Disease 2019, this study was designed to present comprehensive epidemiological information, attributable risks, and relevant factors.

Methods: All data were available online via the Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx). In this study, we analyzed the global incidence, prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of CAVD across different regions from 1990 to 2019. We applied the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) to evaluate the change trends and their attributable risks. In addition, we explored several relevant factors.

Results: From 1990 to 2019, the incidence cases, prevalence cases, CAVD-related deaths, and DALYs of CAVD gradually increased globally. However, the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) was relatively stable, and the age-standardized DALYs rate gradually declined during the past 30 years. Males and elderly individuals were more likely to suffer from CAVD. High systolic blood pressure (SBP) was the predominant attributable risk of disease burden that presented a global downward trend (death: EAPC = -0.68, 95% CI -0.77~-0.59, P < 0.001; DALYs: EAPC = -0.99, 95% CI -1.09 to -0.89, P < 0.001). Alcohol consumption (R = 0.79, P < 0.001), smoking prevalence (R = 0.75, P < 0.001), and calcium (R = 0.72, P < 0.001) showed a positive correlation with the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), whereas classic monsoon region (R = -0.68, P < 0.001) and mean temperature (R = -0.7, P < 0.001) showed a negative correlation with age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR). Besides, medical and healthcare resources presented a positive correlation with ASIR. Meanwhile, similar relationships were found in age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), ASDR, and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDALYR).

Conclusion: CAVD displays widely varied spatial distribution around the world, of which high SDI regions have the highest burdens. Age is a powerful factor and hypertension a predominant attributable risk factor. Moreover, controlling blood pressure, avoiding smoking, reducing alcohol consumption, and so on, could effectively reduce the burden of CAVD.

Keywords: Global Burden of Disease Study; attributable risk factor; calcific aortic valve disease; disability-adjusted life year; estimated annual percentage change.