Risk Factors for Post-cardiac Surgery Infections

Bandar A Alghamdi; Riyadh A Alharthi; Bayan A AlShaikh; Mohammed A Alosaimi; Abdulaziz Y Alghamdi; Nik Yusnoraini; Ali Almashhor

doi:10.7759/cureus.31198

Risk Factors for Post-cardiac Surgery Infections

Cureus. 2022 Nov 7;14(11):e31198. doi: 10.7759/cureus.31198. eCollection 2022 Nov.

Authors

Bandar A Alghamdi¹, Riyadh A Alharthi¹, Bayan A AlShaikh¹, Mohammed A Alosaimi², Abdulaziz Y Alghamdi³, Nik Yusnoraini⁴, Ali Almashhor¹

Affiliations

¹ Cardiac Surgery, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, SAU.
² College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU.
³ College of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU.
⁴ Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia - Kampus Kesihatan, Kubang Kerian, MYS.

Abstract

Background Cardiac surgery infection is a life-threatening complication associated with high morbidity and mortality. One of the main types of these infections, surgical site infections (SSIs), also called postoperative wound infections basically delayed the post-surgical recovery in many patients. These infections rarely happen within 30 days after surgery due to different risk factors. Objectives The purpose of this study is to determine the risk factors that are involved in causing post-cardiac surgical infections. Methods This study was a retrospective study. The data of postoperative cardiac patients was obtained from the Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery Center in King Fahad Armed Force Hospital, Jeddah. Data on the patients were collected from 2016 to 2021. Eligible patients were those of age 18 and greater. These patients were evaluated on basis of the pre and postoperative risk factors and were analyzed for 30 days after discharge and those that developed SSIs were identified. Results Out of the total number of 2366 patients, 151 patients (6.4%) were identified with post-surgery infections out of which 107 (4.5%) had developed superficial wound infections (SSWIs) and 44 (1.9%) had developed deep wound infections (DSWIs). Infection mainly occurs in the male population (n=88, 58.3%). Major risk factors that were the main cause of post-cardiac surgery infections were diabetes (61.5%), hypertension (56.9%), smoking (38.4%), renal failure (27.1%), and re-do operation (25.1%). Conclusion Our study has demonstrated major risk factors that are involved in the occurrence of post-cardiac surgery infections like smoking, diabetes mellitus, sex, more than one operation during a single stay, etc. In the future, the contribution of various other factors involved in the occurrence of surgical site infections and best practices and methods should be studied and implemented to prevent the occurrence of post-cardiac surgery infections. Various simple techniques can still be utilized to prevent these sorts of infections, which will decrease the mortality rate.

Keywords: deep sternal wound infection; postoperative wound infection; sternal wound infections.; surgical site infections; surgical wound infection.