The Roles of IGF-1 and MGF on Nerve Regeneration under Hypoxia- Ischemia, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Physical Trauma

Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2023;24(2):143-155. doi: 10.2174/1389203724666221208145549.

Abstract

Nerve injuries and lesions often lead to the loss of neural control, reducing the patients' quality of lives. Nerve self-repair is difficult due to the low regeneration capacity, insufficient secretion of neurotrophic factors, secondary complications, and adverse microenvironmental conditions such as severe hypoxia-ischemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Effective therapies that can accelerate nerve regeneration have been explored. Cytokine therapy can significantly improve neural survival and myelin regeneration during nerve repair. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and its isoforms (IGF- 1Ea and IGF-1Eb/Ec [also known as MGF]) represent a promising therapeutic approach regarding nerve repair, given their well-described proliferative and anti-apoptotic capacities on neurons withstanding the adverse environmental conditions. This review summarizes the research progress regarding the effects of IGF-1 and its isoforms on nerve repair after nerve injury, hypoxic-ischemic insult, inflammation, and oxidative stress. We provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of nerve injuries.

Keywords: IGF-1Ea; Insulin-like growth factor 1; cell apoptosis; hypoxia; inflammation; mechano growth factor; nerve regeneration; peptide.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Humans
  • Inflammation / drug therapy
  • Insulin-Like Growth Factor I* / genetics
  • Insulin-Like Growth Factor I* / pharmacology
  • Insulin-Like Growth Factor I* / therapeutic use
  • Ischemia*
  • Nerve Regeneration
  • Oxidative Stress
  • Protein Isoforms / metabolism

Substances

  • Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
  • Protein Isoforms
  • IGF1 protein, human