A Review of Genetic Polymorphisms and Susceptibilities to Complications after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Jose Medina-Suárez; Francisco Rodríguez-Esparragón; Coralia Sosa-Pérez; Sara Cazorla-Rivero; Laura B Torres-Mata; Aruma Jiménez-O'Shanahan; Bernardino Clavo; Jesús Morera-Molina

doi:10.3390/ijms232315427

A Review of Genetic Polymorphisms and Susceptibilities to Complications after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Dec 6;23(23):15427. doi: 10.3390/ijms232315427.

Authors

Jose Medina-Suárez^{1

2}, Francisco Rodríguez-Esparragón^{1

3

4}, Coralia Sosa-Pérez^{5

6}, Sara Cazorla-Rivero^{1

7}, Laura B Torres-Mata¹, Aruma Jiménez-O'Shanahan⁵, Bernardino Clavo^{1

3

4

8

9

10

11}, Jesús Morera-Molina^{5

6}

Affiliations

¹ Research Unit, University Hospital of Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, 35010 Gran Canaria, Spain.
² Department of Specific Teaching Methodologies, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35004 Gran Canaria, Spain.
³ Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38296 Tenerife, Spain.
⁴ CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
⁵ Neurosurgery Unit, University Hospital of Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, 35010 Gran Canaria, Spain.
⁶ Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Gran Canaria, Spain.
⁷ University of La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain.
⁸ RETIC de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
⁹ Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
¹⁰ Chronic Pain Unit, University Hospital of Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, 35010 Gran Canaria, Spain.
¹¹ Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospital of Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, 35010 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.

Abstract

Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and vasospasm are two complications of subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAHs) which entail high risks of morbidity and mortality. However, it is unknown why only some patients who suffer SAHs will experience DCI and vasospasm. The purpose of this review is to describe the main genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have demonstrated a relationship with these complications. The SNP of the nitric oxide endothelial synthase (eNOS) has been related to the size and rupture of an aneurysm, as well as to DCI, vasospasm, and poor neurological outcome. The SNPs responsible for the asymmetric dimetilarginine and the high-mobility group box 1 have also been associated with DCI. An association between vasospasm and the SNPs of the eNOS, the haptoglobin, and the endothelin-1 receptor has been found. The SNPs of the angiotensin-converting enzyme have been related to DCI and poor neurological outcome. Studies on the SNPs of the Ryanodine Receptor yielded varying results regarding their association with vasospasm.

Keywords: aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage; delayed cerebral ischemia; neurological outcome; polymorphism; vasospasm.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Brain Ischemia* / complications
Brain Ischemia* / genetics
Cerebral Infarction / complications
Disease Susceptibility
Humans
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage* / complications
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage* / genetics
Vasospasm, Intracranial* / genetics

Grants and funding

S.C.-R. is the recipient of a Margarita Salas Postdoctoral Grant (Ministerio de Universidades (UNI/551/2021); Fondos Next Generation EU; Universidad de La Laguna). There was no other source of funding during the writing of this review.