Myocarditis Related to COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination

Ana I Molina-Ramos; Elisabeth Gómez-Moyano; Jorge Rodríguez-Capitán; María Angullo-Gómez; Patricia Gallardo-Jiménez; Iván Pérez de Pedro; Lucía Valiente de Santis; Beatriz Pérez-Villardón; Isabel Piñero-Uribe; Javier Mora-Robles; Víctor Manuel Becerra-Muñoz; Manuel Jiménez-Navarro

doi:10.3390/jcm11236999

Myocarditis Related to COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination

J Clin Med. 2022 Nov 26;11(23):6999. doi: 10.3390/jcm11236999.

Authors

Ana I Molina-Ramos^{1

2}, Elisabeth Gómez-Moyano³, Jorge Rodríguez-Capitán^{1

2}, María Angullo-Gómez^{1

2}, Patricia Gallardo-Jiménez⁴, Iván Pérez de Pedro⁴, Lucía Valiente de Santis⁵, Beatriz Pérez-Villardón⁶, Isabel Piñero-Uribe⁶, Javier Mora-Robles⁶, Víctor Manuel Becerra-Muñoz^{1

2}, Manuel Jiménez-Navarro^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
² IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, 29590 Málaga, Spain.
³ Dermatology Department, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
⁴ Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
⁵ Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
⁶ Cardiology Department, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain.

Abstract

The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has been a cause of significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Among the short- and long-term consequences of COVID-19, myocarditis is a disease to be taken into consideration. Myocarditis, in general, is related to a poor prognosis. However, the epidemiology and prognosis of myocarditis related to COVID-19 are currently unknown. While vaccination against COVID-19 is of great benefit at a public health level, the risk of myocarditis should be considered in the context of the global benefits of vaccination. In this narrative review, we will summarize the etiopathogenic bases, the epidemiology, the clinical manifestations, the course, diagnosis, prognosis, and the treatment of myocarditis related to SARS-CoV-2, as well as myocarditis secondary to mRNA vaccines.

Keywords: COVID-19; mRNA vaccines; myocarditis.

Publication types

Review

Grants and funding

The main research group belongs to CIBERCV “Enfermedades Cardiovasculares” (CB16/11/00360) of the “Instituto de Salud Carlos III”. It received a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Health, co-founded by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER). A.M.-R. holds a “Rio Hortega” research contract (CM21/00027) funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and ERDF/ESF and J.R.-C. holds a “Postdoctoral Especialista” contract (RH-0095-2020) funded by the Consejería de Salud y Familias—Junta de Andalucía and ERDF/ESF.