Global trends in the incidence and mortality of asthma from 1990 to 2019: An age-period-cohort analysis using the global burden of disease study 2019

Yu Cao; Sanqian Chen; Xiaoyun Chen; Wei Zou; Zhitao Liu; Yuhang Wu; Songbo Hu

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.1036674

Global trends in the incidence and mortality of asthma from 1990 to 2019: An age-period-cohort analysis using the global burden of disease study 2019

Front Public Health. 2022 Nov 22:10:1036674. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1036674. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Yu Cao¹, Sanqian Chen¹, Xiaoyun Chen¹, Wei Zou¹, Zhitao Liu², Yuhang Wu³, Songbo Hu¹

Affiliations

¹ School of Public Health, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
² Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China.
³ Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.

Abstract

Background: Asthma is a major global health challenge. The global strategic management and prevention of asthma report has been published, but health system planning for asthma requires a careful assessment of asthma epidemiology. This study described the incidence and mortality of global asthma from 1990 to 2019.

Methods: Based on data from the global burden of disease study (GBD) 2019, we present spatial and temporal trends in asthma incidence and mortality for the world and its 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Meanwhile, age-period-cohort analysis was used to explore factors influencing asthma incidence and mortality.

Results: From 1990 to 2019, the incidence of asthma decreased from 601.20 per 1,00,000 to 477.92 per 1,00,000, and the mortality of asthma decreased from 8.60 per 1,00,000 to 5.96 per 1,00,000. High sociodemographic index (SDI) areas have higher age-standardised asthma incidence and low sociodemographic index areas have higher age-standardised asthma mortality. The age-period-cohort analysis results showed that the relative risk (RR) of incidence was high in children and the RR of mortality was high in elderly individuals. The RR of both asthma incidence and mortality showed a decreasing trend over time. The RR of asthma incidence in the recent birth cohort was higher than that in the previous birth cohort. The RR of asthma mortality continued to decline with the change in the birth cohort.

Conclusions: Global asthma incidence and mortality decreased from 1990 to 2019. The decline in asthma incidence was mainly attributed to age effects and period effects, and the decline in asthma mortality was mainly attributed to period effects and cohort effects. Focusing on the risk of incidence in children and the risk of mortality in the elderly, promoting healthy lifestyles and controlling environmental risk factors can help to better control asthma.

Keywords: age-period-cohort analysis; asthma; global burden of disease; incidence; mortality.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Aged
Child
Cohort Studies
Global Burden of Disease*
Humans