Global, regional, and national deaths, disability-adjusted life years, years lived with disability, and years of life lost for the global disease burden attributable to second-hand smoke, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study

Chunxia Zhai; Dingtao Hu; Guanghui Yu; Wanqin Hu; Qiqun Zong; Ziye Yan; Yuhua Wang; Linlin Wang; Tingyu Zhang; Hongyu Sun; Ling Cai; Liangyu Cui; Fang Wang; Yanfeng Zou

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160677

Global, regional, and national deaths, disability-adjusted life years, years lived with disability, and years of life lost for the global disease burden attributable to second-hand smoke, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study

Sci Total Environ. 2023 Mar 1:862:160677. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160677. Epub 2022 Dec 5.

Authors

Chunxia Zhai¹, Dingtao Hu², Guanghui Yu¹, Wanqin Hu¹, Qiqun Zong¹, Ziye Yan¹, Yuhua Wang¹, Linlin Wang¹, Tingyu Zhang¹, Hongyu Sun¹, Ling Cai¹, Liangyu Cui¹, Fang Wang³, Yanfeng Zou⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
² Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Clinical Cancer Institute, Center for Translational Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
³ Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
⁴ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China. Electronic address: zouyanfeng2015@163.com.

PMID: 36481152
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160677

Abstract

Background: Smoke-free policies have led to a decline in smoking prevalence. Nevertheless, as the global population grows, more non-smokers are exposed to second-hand smoke (SHS) hazards. Mitigating SHS hazards requires a systematic analysis of the global disease burden attributable to SHS.

Methods: Data on SHS was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. First, we measured the disease burden of SHS by the number of cases and age-standardized rates of deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and years of life lost (YLLs) from 1990 to 2019. Second, trends in the disease burden of SHS in different periods were estimated based on the annual percentage change (APC) by joinpoint regression analysis. Finally, using histogram plots, world maps, Pearson correlation analysis, and population attributable fraction (PAF), we conducted a stratified analysis of SHS exposure by sex, age, geographic location, sociodemographic index (SDI) level, and disease.

Results: The number of deaths caused by SHS remained stable between 1990 and 2019, and the number of YLDs more than doubled in three decades. In contrast, the number of DALYs and YLLs caused by SHS decreased. The declining trend in deaths (APC = -1.42 % [95 % UI -1.79 %, -1.05 %]), DALYs (APC = -1.91 % [95 % UI -2.15 %, -1.67 %]), and YLLs (APC = -1.28 % [95 % UI -1.93 %, -0.64 %]) had slowed down in recent years, while SHS-related YLDs were still increasing (APC = 1.84 % [95 % UI 0.74 %, 2.96 %]). From 2010 to 2019, we found that SHS exposure increased the risk of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer (PAF increased by 11.75 %), breast cancer (PAF increased by 5.36 %), diabetes mellitus (PAF increased by 8.24 %), and ischemic heart disease (PAF increased by 4.46 %). In addition, the disease burden caused by SHS was highest in middle SDI and low-middle SDI countries.

Conclusion: The global disease burden attributable to SHS is still severe, and policymakers need to implement more effective measures to reduce the harm of SHS.

Keywords: Global burden of disease; Second-hand smoke; Years lived with disability.

MeSH terms

Disability-Adjusted Life Years
Global Burden of Disease
Humans
Life Expectancy*
Quality-Adjusted Life Years
Tobacco Smoke Pollution* / adverse effects

Substances

Tobacco Smoke Pollution