Development of the corpus callosum and cognition after neonatal encephalopathy

Hollie Byrne; Arthur P C Spencer; Georgia Geary; Sally Jary; Marianne Thoresen; Frances M Cowan; Jonathan C W Brooks; Elavazhagan Chakkarapani

doi:10.1002/acn3.51696

Development of the corpus callosum and cognition after neonatal encephalopathy

Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2023 Jan;10(1):32-47. doi: 10.1002/acn3.51696. Epub 2022 Dec 8.

Authors

Hollie Byrne^{1

2

3}, Arthur P C Spencer^{1

4}, Georgia Geary⁵, Sally Jary⁴, Marianne Thoresen^{4

6}, Frances M Cowan^{4

7}, Jonathan C W Brooks^{1

8}, Elavazhagan Chakkarapani^{4

9}

Affiliations

¹ Clinical Research and Imaging Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
² Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
³ Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
⁴ Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
⁵ Royal Glamorgan Hospital, Cwm Taf University Health Board, Abercynon, UK.
⁶ Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
⁷ Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
⁸ University of East Anglia Wellcome Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre (UWWBIC), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
⁹ Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, St Michaels Hospital, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK.

Abstract

Objective: Neonatal imaging studies report corpus callosum abnormalities after neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE), but corpus callosum development and relation to cognition in childhood are unknown. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we examined the relationship between corpus callosum size, microstructure and cognitive and motor outcomes at early school-age children cooled for HIE (cases) without cerebral palsy compared to healthy, matched controls. A secondary aim was to examine the impact of HIE-related neonatal brain injury on corpus callosum size, microstructure and growth.

Methods: Participants aged 6-8 years underwent MRI, the Movement Assessment Battery for Children Second Edition and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Fourth Edition. Cross-sectional area, volume, fractional anisotropy and radial diffusivity of the corpus callosum and five subdivisions were measured. Multivariable regression was used to assess associations between total motor score, full-scale IQ (FSIQ) and imaging metrics.

Results: Adjusting for age, sex and intracranial volume, cases (N = 40) compared to controls (N = 39) demonstrated reduced whole corpus callosum area (β = -26.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -53.17, -0.58), volume (β = -138.5, 95% CI = -267.54, -9.56), fractional anisotropy and increased radial diffusivity (P < 0.05) within segments II-V. In cases, segment V area (β = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.004, 0.35), volume (β = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.001, 0.079), whole corpus callosum fractional anisotropy (β = 13.8 95% CI = 0.6, 27.1) and radial diffusivity (β = -11.3, 95% CI = -22.22, -0.42) were associated with FSIQ. Growth of the corpus callosum was restricted in cases with a FSIQ ≤85, and volume was reduced in cases with mild neonatal multifocal injury compared to white matter injury alone.

Interpretation: Following neonatal HIE, morphological and microstructural changes in the corpus callosum are associated with reduced cognitive function at early school age.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Brain Injuries* / diagnostic imaging
Brain Injuries* / pathology
Brain Injuries* / physiopathology
Case-Control Studies
Child
Cognition* / physiology
Corpus Callosum* / diagnostic imaging
Corpus Callosum* / pathology
Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Humans
Infant, Newborn
Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Abstract

Publication types

MeSH terms

Grants and funding