The overall therapeutic outcome of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is poor, and relapse and refractory are the main reasons for treatment failure. Leukemia cells of relapsed and refractory AML (R/R-AML) patients are usually resistant to conventional chemotherapy, and new treatment regimens are urgently needed to further improve the survival rate and prolong the survival time of these patients.There are no recommended unified treatment regimens other than entering clinical trials.At present,the main options are salvage chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and HSCT is the only possible cure for R/R-AML, but the prognosis of most of these patients is still poor.In recent years,the treatment status of AML has progressed rapidly, and the new therapies are emerging, many new drugs have become the research focus. Some progress has been made in improving chemosensitivity and overcoming chemoresistance by combining the new drugs with the original chemotherapeutic drugs, which provide a new treatment option and improve the overall prognosis for R/R-AML patients. This article will review the current treatment status and the latest progress in new drug research of R/R-AML.
题目: 复发难治性急性髓系白血病治疗现状及新药进展.
摘要: 急性髓系白血病（AML）总体治疗效果差，复发难治是其治疗失败的主要原因。复发难治性AML（R/R-AML）患者白血病细胞通常对常规化疗耐药，亟需新的治疗方案以进一步提高患者生存率及延长生存期。对于R/R-AML，除进入临床试验外，尚无推荐的统一治疗方案，目前主要以挽救化疗和造血干细胞移植（HSCT）为主，HSCT是目前唯一可能治愈的方法，但该类患者大多数预后仍差。近年来AML的治疗进展迅速，新的治疗方案层出不穷，多种新药成为研究的热点，并通过与原有化疗药物联合使用提高化疗敏感性、克服化疗耐药，取得了一定的进展，为R/R-AML患者的治疗提供了新的选择，改善了患者的整体预后。本文将对R/R-AML的治疗现状及新药研究最新进展作一综述。.
Keywords: hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; immunotherapy; molecular targeted drugs; relapse and refractory acute myeloid leukemia.