Evaluation of thermo-adaptability between Tharparkar (Bos indicus) and crossbred (Bos indicus X Bos taurus) calves in a controlled environment

Bosco Jose; Hari Abdul Samad; Jaya Bharati; V Tejaswi; Pranay Konda; Khan Sharun; Manoj K Tripathi; Sai Kumar; Meeti Punetha; Divya Mohan; V Verma; Vikrant Singh Chouhan; V P Maurya; G Taru Sharma; Puneet Kumar; Mihir Sarkar; Gyanendra Singh

doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103381

Evaluation of thermo-adaptability between Tharparkar (Bos indicus) and crossbred (Bos indicus X Bos taurus) calves in a controlled environment

J Therm Biol. 2022 Dec:110:103381. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103381. Epub 2022 Oct 27.

Authors

Bosco Jose¹, Hari Abdul Samad¹, Jaya Bharati², V Tejaswi¹, Pranay Konda¹, Khan Sharun³, Manoj K Tripathi¹, Sai Kumar¹, Meeti Punetha⁴, Divya Mohan³, V Verma¹, Vikrant Singh Chouhan¹, V P Maurya¹, G Taru Sharma¹, Puneet Kumar¹, Mihir Sarkar⁵, Gyanendra Singh⁶

Affiliations

¹ ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Physiology & Climatology Division, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
² ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, Assam, India.
³ ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Division of Surgery, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
⁴ ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India.
⁵ ICAR-NRC on Yak, Dirang, Arunachal Pradesh, 790101, India.
⁶ ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Physiology & Climatology Division, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India. Electronic address: gyansidd@gmail.com.

PMID: 36462872
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103381

Abstract

The global warming driven climate change has increased the susceptibility of livestock around the globe to heat stress (HS), which reduces animal productivity and threatens the sustainability of marginal farmers. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate thermo-adaptability between Tharparkar calves (TC), an indigenous milch breed of India and crossbred calves (CC) during induced heat stress in controlled environment. For this purpose, 12 apparently healthy male calves (six in each group) aged 5-6 months, were selected. The experiment was conducted at physiologically comfortable temperature (25 °C), moderate HS (31 °C) and severe HS (37 °C) for 21 days each in a psychrometric chamber. In each experimental day, the calves were exposed to 6 h of heat. There were 7 days of acclimatization period before experiment and 10 days of recovery period at ambient temperature between each 21 day exposure period. During experimental period, the blood was collected at 1^st, 6^th, 11^th, 16^th, 21^st day and among ten-day recovery period the blood was collected at 5th day. Physiological responses, serum electrolytes, metabolic enzymes profiles, antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress status and general endocrine milieu were studied. Relative mRNA expression study of Heat Shock Protein (HSP) 70, HSP90, induced Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) were carried out by qPCR. There was significant (p < 0.05) change in the displacement in rectal temperature, respiration rate, serum alanine aminotransferase level between two breeds at moderate and severe HS. Similar change was observed in total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and endocrinological parameters. The comparatively lower mRNA expression of HSP70 and higher expression of HSP90 in TC than CC point the better thermo-adaptability of the same. The results of the experiment indicated that TC are more thermo-adaptable than CC at different modality of stress in controlled temperature conditions.

Keywords: Cattle; Climate; HSPs; Stress; Thermo-adaptability.

MeSH terms

Animals
Antioxidants*
Cattle
Environment, Controlled*
HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins
HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / genetics
Male
RNA, Messenger
Temperature

Substances

Antioxidants
HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins
HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins
RNA, Messenger