Therapeutics in Metabolic Diseases

Abstract

Metabolic diseases have important effects on the health and healthcare costs of an individual. It adversely affects various body processes. Metabolic diseases are characterized as the accumulation of many conditions that collectively increase a person's risk of atherosclerotic coronary disease, insulin, and diabetes mellitus intolerance, as well as vascular and neurological complications, such as stroke. Rare metabolic disease has also been reported in literatures and clinical research. Understanding the history and causes of the disease, associated symptoms, disease severity, physical and vital evaluations, etc. is recommended to provide or improve some appropriate therapeutic measure. The experience with patients starts with a critical and general presentation to a healthcare provider that may indicate potential conditions such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, and metabolic diseases. The main factors in the treatment and management of metabolic disorders are lifestyle changes. Whenever behavioral changes are not effective or cannot be implemented, pharmacotherapies should be initiated including for most of the rare diseases. Moreover, pharmaceutical molecules are the very commonly used therapies. The prospect of therapy through gene transfer into somatic cells unlocks a new field of treatment and opportunity for people affected by these genetic conditions. Like other medical treatments, many gene therapies can relieve some, though not every indications of a specific disease, which can increase patients' quality of life. Hormone-based therapies are also implemented in the treatment of metabolic diseases. It has been suggested to use herbal extracts with different forms of nano-drug delivery techniques, such as nanobiocomposites, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, green-synthesized gold, zinc oxide, and silver nanoparticles.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Dyslipidemia; Hypertension; Metabolic diseases; Obesity; Rare diseases.