Epistaxis is one of the most common emergencies. Topical agents such as silver nitrate, is known to be a strong oxidizing agent and have been widely used, especially in recurrent and refractory cases. The extent of depth of coagulative necrosis is dependent on time of exposure and concentration. 2 mm wide bar of nasal septum from 30 patients was taken and AgNO3 was applied for 10, 20, 40 s. H&E staining was then performed to see depth of penetration and intensity of stain deposits. It was observed that with increase time of application, depth of penetration and density of deposits were increased for both 75% and 100% concentration of solution. Distribution in depth of penetration was significant when 75% concentration was applied for more than 20 s. But when 100% concentration was used, similar findings were found even after 10 s in young age group. Our study shows that when silver nitrate is used for chemical cauterization in different concentrations and for different times, their penetration is different. Moreover, the depth of penetration depends more on the time of contact than concentration of silver nitrate. We would recommend using 75% solution for use with a contact time not more than 20 s in adults and 10 s in children.
Keywords: Bleeding; Cautery; Little’s area; Nasal septum; Septal perforation; Silver nitrate.
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