A self-administered questionnaire to measure Chinese smokers' cigarette dependence

Yaning Fu; Xiangyu Li; Sen Zhang; Huan Chen; Hongjuan Wang; Shulei Han; Yushan Tian; Tong Liu; Lirong Zhang; Wei Deng; Chuan Liu; Hongwei Hou; Qingyuan Hu

doi:10.1080/15332640.2022.2149938

A self-administered questionnaire to measure Chinese smokers' cigarette dependence

J Ethn Subst Abuse. 2022 Nov 30:1-17. doi: 10.1080/15332640.2022.2149938. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Yaning Fu^{1

2}, Xiangyu Li^{1

2}, Sen Zhang³, Huan Chen^{1

2}, Hongjuan Wang^{1

2}, Shulei Han^{1

2}, Yushan Tian^{1

2}, Tong Liu^{1

2}, Lirong Zhang⁴, Wei Deng^{5

6}, Chuan Liu¹, Hongwei Hou^{1

2}, Qingyuan Hu^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, China.
² Tobacco Biological Effects Key Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China.
³ School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xian, China.
⁴ School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
⁵ Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
⁶ Affiliated Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

PMID: 36449409
DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2022.2149938

Abstract

A self-administered questionnaire for screening cigarette dependence was developed based on a set of 6335 Chinese adult smokers (termed the China Cigarette Dependence Test, CCDT). Both a 20-item version (CCDT-20) and a 7-item of the questionnaire (CCDT-7) were developed following 2-round of tests on their construct validity, test-retest reliability and internal consistency, covering seven dimensions (cigarettes per day, tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, craving, loss of control, regularity, and stereotypy). The results showed that the CCDT-20 and CCDT-7 scores were higher in daily smokers than in occasional smokers, and both were associated with self-rated nicotine dependence, exhaled carbon monoxide (CO), saliva cotinine, and DSM-V. The CCDT-20 and CCDT-7 scales were found to be easier to use by smokers in China and provided a more reliable measure of their cigarette dependence.

Keywords: Chinese smoker; Cigarette dependence; self-administered questionnaire; the China cigarette dependence test.