Cathepsin B and Muscular Strength are Independently Associated with Cognitive Control

Jeongwoon Kim; Colleen F McKenna; Amadeo F Salvador; Susannah E Scaroni; Andrew T Askow; Jonathan Cerna; Corinne N Cannavale; Scott A Paluska; Michael De Lisio; Steven J Petruzzello; Nicholas A Burd; Naiman A Khan

doi:10.3233/BPL-210136

Cathepsin B and Muscular Strength are Independently Associated with Cognitive Control

Brain Plast. 2022 Oct 21;8(1):19-33. doi: 10.3233/BPL-210136. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA.
² Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA.
³ Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA.
⁴ Department of Family Medicine, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA.
⁵ Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, USA.

Abstract

Although muscular strength has been linked to greater cognitive function across different cognitive domains, the mechanism(s) through which this occurs remain(s) poorly understood. Indeed, while an emerging body of literature suggests peripheral myokines released from muscular contractions may play a role in this relationship, additional research is needed to understand this link. Accordingly, this study sought to compare the influences of a particular myokine, Cathepsin B (CTSB), and muscular strength on hippocampal-dependent relational memory and cognitive control in 40 adults (age = 50.0±7.3 yrs). Overnight fasted venous blood draws were taken to assess plasma CTSB and muscular strength was assessed as maximal isokinetic strength testing using a Biodex dynamometer. Cognitive performance was assessed using a Spatial Reconstruction Task to assess relational memory and a modified Flanker task to assess cognitive control. Neuroelectric function for cognitive control was assessed using event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded during the Flanker task. Initial bivariate correlational analyses revealed that neither sex, age, lean body mass, or muscular strength was associated with CTSB. However, CTSB was inversely associated with reaction time and fractional peak latency of the P3 component of the Flanker task. Muscular strength was also inversely associated with reaction time and positively associated with relational memory performance. However, the influence of muscular strength on relational memory did not persist following adjustment for covariates. Greater circulating CTSB was selectively associated with greater cognitive control as well as faster information processing speed. These findings are the first to link circulating CTSB to both cognitive control and neuroelectric function. Future intervention studies are needed to examine the effects of changes in muscular strength, circulating myokines, and different domains of cognitive function.

Keywords: Cathepsin B; attentional control; cognition; electroencephalography; muscle strength; physical fitness.