Background: The appearance of bite cells associated with methemoglobinemia can be caused by oxidizing drugs such as dapsone in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency or high drug serum levels. Bite cells are often pathognomonic for oxidant injury in patients with G6PD deficiency and suggest active hemolysis.
Case presentation: We report a case of a woman with no prior history of G6PD deficiency who presented with anemia, methemoglobinemia and bite cells on peripheral blood smear after dapsone therapy for new onset idiopathic urticaria. Laboratory tests for G6PD, blood count and liver function were within normal limits prior to initiation of therapy. During the patient's hospital course, moderate methemoglobinemia and anemia were identified despite mildly increased serum G6PD level. These pathologies were reversed upon stopping dapsone therapy.
Conclusion: This case highlights the potential for therapeutic levels of dapsone to induce side effects in patients without G6PD deficiency and highlights the importance of routine blood monitoring for anemia and hemolysis during the course of drug therapy.
Keywords: G6PD; Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; anemia; bite cells; dapsone; dermatology; heinz bodies; methemoglobinemia.