Synthesis, Characteristics, and Effect of Zinc Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles on the In Vitro Regeneration and Biochemical Profile of Chrysanthemum Adventitious Shoots

Alicja Tymoszuk; Natalia Sławkowska; Urszula Szałaj; Dariusz Kulus; Małgorzata Antkowiak; Jacek Wojnarowicz

doi:10.3390/ma15228192

Synthesis, Characteristics, and Effect of Zinc Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles on the In Vitro Regeneration and Biochemical Profile of Chrysanthemum Adventitious Shoots

Materials (Basel). 2022 Nov 18;15(22):8192. doi: 10.3390/ma15228192.

Authors

Alicja Tymoszuk¹, Natalia Sławkowska², Urszula Szałaj³, Dariusz Kulus¹, Małgorzata Antkowiak⁴, Jacek Wojnarowicz³

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of Ornamental Plants and Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bernardyńska 6, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
² ExPlant Student Association, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bernardyńska 6, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
³ Laboratory of Nanostructures, Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Science, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland.
⁴ Department of Organic Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, Władysława Węgorka 20, 60-318 Poznań, Poland.

Abstract

Studies on nanoparticles' effects on plants are relevant for horticulture. This study aimed to test the influence of zinc oxide submicron particles (ZnO SMPs), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), and zinc oxide nanoparticles combined with silver nanoparticles (ZnO+1%Ag NPs) applied at 100 and 500 mg·L^-1 on the regeneration and biochemical activity of adventitious shoots in Chrysanthemum × morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl. 'UTP Burgundy Gold' and 'UTP Pinky Gold'. The original microwave solvothermal synthesis and characteristics of the ZnO samples were described. Internodes were cultured on the MS medium with 0.6 mg∙L^-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 2 mg∙L^-1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). In 'UTP Burgundy Gold', the highest shoot regeneration efficiency was obtained for 100 mg·L^-1 ZnO SMPs and 500 mg·L^-1 ZnO NPs treatments (6.50 and 10.33 shoots per explant, respectively). These shoots had high or moderate chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. In 'UTP Pinky Gold', the highest shoot number was produced in the control (12.92), for 500 mg·L^-1 ZnO SMPs (12.08) and 500 mg·L^-1 ZnO NPs (10.42). These shoots had increased chlorophyll (a+b)-to-carotenoid ratios. In 'UTP Pinky Gold', the ZnO SMPs and ZnO NPs affected the anthocyanins biosynthesis, whereas ZnO + 1%Ag NPs decreased the phenolics accumulation. These results are important for the improvement of chrysanthemum micropropagation.

Keywords: Chrysanthemum × morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl.; adventitious organogenesis; in vitro culture; nanoparticles; nanotechnology; plant metabolites; regeneration efficacy; silver; zinc oxide.

Grants and funding

This research received no funding. Characterization studies of nanomaterials were conducted using equipment funded by the Center for Preclinical Research and Technology—CePT II (RPMA.01.01.00-14-8476/17-04) from the Regional Operational Programme of the Mazowieckie Voivodeship 2014–2020.