Anatomic MRI, MRI flow studies, and intraoperative ultrasonography demonstrate that the Chiari I malformation obstructs CSF pathways at the foramen magnum and prevents normal CSF movement through the foramen magnum. Impaired CSF displacement across the foramen magnum during the cardiac cycle increases pulsatile hindbrain motion, pressure transmission to the spinal subarachnoid space, and the amplitude of CSF subarachnoid pressure waves driving CSF into the spinal cord. Central canal septations in adults prevent syrinx formation by CSF directly transmitting its pressure wave from the fourth ventricle to the central canal.
Keywords: Aquaporin 4; Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics; Chiari I malformation; Foramen magnum decompression; Glymphatic system; Hydrocephalus; Pathophysiology; Syringomyelia.
Published by Elsevier Inc.