Trévo abrogates Lead Acetate Neurotoxicity in Male Wistar Rats viz Antiamyloidogenesis, Antiglutaminergic, and Anticholinesterase Activities

Omotayo B Ilesanmi; Temitope Temiloluwa Odewale; Oghenetega J Avwioroko; Eman Ibrahim Ahmed; Chinenyenwa Alaneme; Francis O Atanu; Bruno Chikere; Millicent James; Innocent Chinagor; Nisreen Khalid Aref Albezrah; Amal Youssef; Toyin Binang; Gaber El-Saber Batiha

doi:10.1177/09727531221077642

Trévo abrogates Lead Acetate Neurotoxicity in Male Wistar Rats viz Antiamyloidogenesis, Antiglutaminergic, and Anticholinesterase Activities

Ann Neurosci. 2022 Apr;29(2-3):94-103. doi: 10.1177/09727531221077642. Epub 2022 Mar 4.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal University Otuoke, Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
² Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Science, University of Benin, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria.
³ Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
⁴ Pharmacology and Theraeutics Department, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kogi State University Anyigba, Anyigba, Nigeria.
⁶ Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota Ogun State, Nigeria. Covenant Applied Informatics and Communication-African Center of Excellence (Capic Ace), Covenant University.
⁷ Obstetric and Gynecology Department, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ Medical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
⁹ The Lagoon School, Lekki lagos.
¹⁰ Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, AlBeheira, Egypt.

Abstract

Background: Exposure to lead has been linked to biochemical changes similar to those patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease. Trévo is a phytonutrient-rich product with antiaging and antioxidant properties.

Purpose: To investigate the neuroprotective activity of trévo against lead-induced biochemical changes in male Wistar rats.

Methods: The study involves 35 animals that were randomly divided into five groups of seven rats each. Group I (Control): Orally administered distilled water; Group II (Induced): Administered 15 mg/kg of lead acetate (PbA) intraperitoneally; Group III (Treatment group): Orally administered 2 mL/kg of trévo for two days before co-administration with PbA for 12 consecutive days; Group IV (Treatment group): Orally administered 5 mL/kg of trévo for two days prior to coadministration with PbA for 12 consecutive days; Group V: Orally administered 5 mL/kg of trévo for 14 consecutive days. Animals were anesthetized with diether and the brain excised and processed for the following biochemical assays: Malonedialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), beta-amyloid, glutamate, Na+/K+ ATPase, and glutamate dehydrogenase (GD).

Results: PbA caused significant oxidative stress (increased MDA concentration, decreased GSH concentration, suppressed the activity of CAT, SOD), decreased GT activity, increased activity of AChE, increased the concentration of beta-amyloid, and caused glutamate excitotoxicity (increased concentration of glutamate, decreased activity of Na+/K+ ATPase, and GD) in rat brains. Treatment with trévo at the two different doses significantly prevented oxidative damage, beta-amyloid aggregation, glutamate excitotoxicity, and acetylcholine breakdown induced by lead acetate.

Conclusion: Our findings added to the reported pharmacological activity of trévo and supported the antiaging potential of trévo.

Keywords: Acetylcholine; Antioxidant; Beta-amyloid; Caspases; Heavy metals; Neurotoxicity; Phytomedicine.