Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels and imaging are used to guide treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). This study evaluated changes in CEA and imaging findings in mCRC patients following systemic therapy and their clinical significance, especially the ones with inconsistent results of CEA and image findings. We enrolled 330 stage IV CRC patients who systemic therapy. Based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and a modification for CEA, patients were stratified into consistent and inconsistent response groups. Clinicopathological features and prognoses were compared between each groups. Different CEA/IMG groups showed no significant differences in terms of tumor location, initial CEA level, mucinous component, tumor differentiation and further surgical treatment rate. Inconsistent responses were observed in half of the patients (n = 165, 50%). The prognosis in the inconsistent groups with either CEA-SD or IMG-SD was dependent on the result of the other evaluation method (PR or PD). Cases with conflicting results between CEA and image groups (CEA-RD/IMG-PD, CEA-PD/IMG-PR) had an OS close to that of CEA-SD/IMG-SD (18.2 m, 16.2 m vs. 18.8 m, P = 0.620). The overall survival (OS) in the consistent (PR/PR ro PD/PD) groups were significantly different (P < 0.001). Combining CEA and imaging provides more information about mCRC patients who have undergone systemic therapy. Approximately half the patients have inconsistent responses, which is still valuable in predicting the prognosis.
© 2022. The Author(s).