Saliva Diagnosis Using Small Extracellular Vesicles and Salivaomics

Abstract

Saliva is a complex oral biofluid composed of various biological molecules secreted by major and minor salivary glands, as well as by-products of host oral cells, oral bacteria, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), and gingival crevicular fluid. Recently, salivary small extracellular vesicles and salivary multi-omics (microbiome, transcriptome, DNA methylome and proteome) are emerging as potential diagnostic tools for oral diseases, including the highly prevalent periodontitis. Here, we describe the methodologies for how to isolate salivary sEVs using the size exclusion chromatography method, and how to perform salivaomics, which may guide future dental research.

Keywords: 16S rRNA sequencing; Mass spectrometry; Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation NGS; RNA sequencing; Salivaomics; Salivary diagnostics; Salivary small extracellular vesicles; Size exclusion chromatography.