Testicular Dirofilaria repens infection was identified and confirmed by sequence analysis in a child in northeastern Italy. Because human dirofilariasis is emerging in southern and eastern Europe, this parasitic infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of scrotal swelling in disease-endemic countries to avoid unnecessary interventions, such as orchiectomy.
Keywords: Dirofilaria repens; Italy; differential diagnosis; dirofilariasis; genitalia; male child; orchiectomy; parasites; testicular diseases; testicular neoplasms; vector-borne infections; zoonoses.