Objective: To investigate the relationship between the changes of serum neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(sVCAM-1) and deep venous thromboembolism after knee arthroplasty.
Methods: From May 2017 to April 2020, 30 patients with deep venous thromboembolism after knee arthroplasty were retrospectively selected as the observation group, and 60 patients without deep venous thromboembolism after knee arthroplasty in the same period were randomly selected as the control group. The clinical data, serum levels of nets and sVCAM-1 before and 1, 3 and 5 days after operation were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of deep venous thromboembolism after knee arthroplasty; Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between serum nets and sVCAM-1 levels;Draw the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC) to obtain the area under the curve(AUC), and analyze the diagnostic value of serum nets and sVCAM-1 levels for deep vein thromboembolism after knee arthroplasty.
Results: There were statistically significant differences between two groups in age, body mass index, and postoperative knee elevation and flexion ratio(P<0.05). The level of serum NETs and sVCAM-1 on the 1st and 3rd day after surgery of the observation group were higher than the control group(P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, body mass index, knee flexion position, serum nets and sVCAM-1 levels at 1 and 3 days after operation were all the influencing factors of DVT after knee arthroplasty (P<0.05);Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the levels of serum NETs and sVCAM-1 in patients with deep venous thromboembolism after knee arthroplasty 1 and 3 days after operation(P<0.05). The ROC curve of predicting deep venous thromboembolism after knee arthroplasty by serum nets and sVCAM-1 levels at 1 and 3 days after operation was drawn, the results showed that the AUC of serum nets and sVCAM-1 levels at 1 day after operation was higher than that at 3 days after operation, which had a good predictive effect.
Conclusion: The influencing factors of deep vein thromboembolism after knee arthroplasty are age, body mass index, postoperative knee elevation and flexion, postoperative serum NETs and sVCAM-1 levels, especially postoperative serum NETs and sVCAM-1 levels. Changes can be used as potential biomarkers for predicting postoperative deep vein thromboembolism, and clinical attention should be paid to it.
Keywords: Arthroplasty, replacement, knee; Influencing factors; Neutrophil extracellular traps, NETs; Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, sVCAM-1; Venous thromboembolism.