Development of a high-speed bioaerosol elimination system for treatment of indoor air

Nobuaki Negishi; Ryo Yamano; Tomoko Hori; Setsuko Koura; Yuji Maekawa; Taro Sato

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109800

Development of a high-speed bioaerosol elimination system for treatment of indoor air

Build Environ. 2023 Jan:227:109800. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109800. Epub 2022 Nov 12.

Authors

Nobuaki Negishi¹, Ryo Yamano², Tomoko Hori¹, Setsuko Koura², Yuji Maekawa³, Taro Sato³

Affiliations

¹ Environment Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-16 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8569, Japan.
² Department of Applied Chemistry, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, 275-0016, Japan.
³ Kamaishi Electric Machinery Factory Co. Ltd., 9-171-4 Kasshi-cho, Kamaishi, 026-0055, Japan.

Abstract

We developed a high-speed filterless airflow multistage photocatalytic elbow aerosol removal system for the treatment of bioaerosols such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Human-generated bioaerosols that diffuse into indoor spaces are 1-10 μm in size, and their selective and rapid treatment can reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. A high-speed airflow is necessary to treat large volumes of indoor air over a short period. The proposed system can be used to eliminate viruses in aerosols by forcibly depositing aerosols in a high-speed airflow onto a photocatalyst placed inside the system through inertial force and turbulent diffusion. Because the main component of the deposited bioaerosol is water, it evaporates after colliding with the photocatalyst, and the nonvolatile virus remains on the photocatalytic channel wall. The residual virus on the photocatalytic channel wall is mineralized via photocatalytic oxidation with UVA-LED irradiation in the channel. When this system was operated in a 4.5 m³ aerosol chamber, over 99.8% aerosols in the size range of 1-10 μm were removed within 15 min. The system continued delivering such performance with the continuous introduction of aerosols. Because this system exhibits excellent aerosol removal ability at a flow velocity of 5 m/s or higher, it is more suitable than other reactive air purification systems for treating large-volume spaces.

Keywords: AOP, advanced oxidation process; Bioaerosol; CFD, computational fluid dynamics; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; DES, detached eddy simulation; HEPA, high-efficiency particulate absorbing; ISO, International Standard Organization; Indoor air; LES, Large eddy simulation; RANS, Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes; SARS-CoV-2; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SCDLP, soya casein-digested lecithin polysorbate; TiO2 photocatalyst; UV, ultraviolet; UVA, ultraviolet-A; UVC, ultraviolet-C; Windspeed.