Treatment of Pain in Birds

David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman; Michelle G Hawkins

doi:10.1016/j.cvex.2022.09.003

Treatment of Pain in Birds

Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract. 2023 Jan;26(1):83-120. doi: 10.1016/j.cvex.2022.09.003.

Authors

David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman¹, Michelle G Hawkins²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Electronic address: guzman@ucdavis.edu.
² Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

PMID: 36402490
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2022.09.003

Abstract

This article provides an overview of the current understanding of evidence-based clinical analgesic use in birds. The field of avian analgesia has dramatically expanded during the last 20 years, affording more options for alleviating both acute and chronic pain. These options include opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, local anesthetics, and/or other drugs like gabapentin, amantadine, and cannabinoids, acting at different points in the nociceptive system thereby helping to provide greater pain relief while reducing the risk of adverse effects when combined.

Keywords: Analgesia; Avian; Locoregional analgesia; Multimodal; Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory; Opioid.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Analgesia* / veterinary
Analgesics / therapeutic use
Animals
Birds
Pain Management / veterinary
Pain* / drug therapy
Pain* / prevention & control
Pain* / veterinary

Substances

Analgesics