1 Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
2 University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
3 Section of Cardiology, St Boniface Hospital, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
4 Division of Cardiology and Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
5 Departments of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia and the Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
6 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
7 Division of Cardiology, St Michaels Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
8 Division of Cardiology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
9 Division of Cardiology, St Michaels Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Canadian VIGOUR Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
10 Canadian VIGOUR Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Electronic address: sv9@ualberta.ca.