Abundance of viral gastroenteritis before and after the emergence of COVID-19: Molecular evidence on wastewater

Affiliations

• ¹ Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0032, Japan; Cell and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
• ² Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
• ³ Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0032, Japan.
• ⁴ Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 640-8156, Japan.
• ⁵ Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
• ⁶ Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
• ⁷ Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan; Research Institute of Disaster Medicine, Institute for Advanced Academic Research, Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (cMAV), Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA.
• ⁸ Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0032, Japan. Electronic address: ushijima-hiroshi@jcom.home.ne.jp.