Pharmacological cognitive enhancements nontherapeutically improve cognitive functioning, though recent critics have challenged their use by claiming that cognitive success, aided by the use of cognitive enhancement, is less valuable than otherwise. We criticize two recent responses to this objection, due to Carter and Pritchard and Wang, and propose a different response on behalf of proponents of cognitive enhancement that is shown to be more promising.
Keywords: cognitive enhancement; ethics of enhancement; human enhancement; value of achievement.
© 2022 The Authors. Bioethics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.