Objectives: To investigate the level of 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in late preterm infants and the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on the neurobehavioral development of infants and young children.
Methods: In this prospective study, 161 late preterm infants who were admitted from June 2017 to June 2020 were enrolled. According to the level of 25(OH)D in umbilical cord blood, they were divided into three groups: sufficiency group (n=52), insufficiency group (n=53), and deficiency group (n=56). Each group was further divided into subgroup A (vitamin D3 800 IU/d) and subgroup B (individualized vitamin D3 supplementation) using a random number table. The levels of 25(OH)D were measured at 3 months after birth and at the corrected ages of 10 months and 18 months. The neurobehavioral development levels were determined by the Gesell Developmental Scale at the corrected ages of 10 months and 18 months.
Results: Within 24 hours and 3 months after birth, the insufficiency group and the deficiency group had a significantly lower level of 25(OH)D than the sufficiency group (P<0.05), and the insufficiency group had a significantly higher level of 25(OH)D than the deficiency group (P<0.05). In the deficiency group, subgroup B had a significantly higher level of 25(OH)D than subgroup A (P<0.05) at 3 months after birth. At the corrected ages of 10 months and 18 months, the insufficiency and deficiency groups had significantly lower scores of five functional areas of the Gesell Development Scale than the sufficiency group (P<0.05). Compared with the insufficiency group, the deficiency group had a significantly lower score of language at the corrected age of 10 months and a significantly lower score of gross motor at the corrected age of 18 months (P<0.05). Compared with subgroup A of the deficiency group, subgroup B had a significantly higher score of adaptive ability at the corrected age of 10 months and significantly higher scores of adaptive ability and response ability at the corrected age of 18 months (P<0.05).
Conclusions: There is a significant difference in the level of 25(OH)D in umbilical cord blood in late preterm infants. Individualized vitamin D supplementation appears to be more effective for the treatment of vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D level at birth and in early infancy has certain influence on neurobehavioral development.
目的: 探讨晚期早产儿25-羟维生素D［25-hydroxyvitamin D，25(OH)D］水平及维生素D3补充对婴幼儿神经行为发育的影响。方法: 前瞻性选取2017年6月—2020年6月收治的晚期早产儿161例为研究对象，根据脐血25(OH)D水平分为充足组（52例）、不足组（53例）、缺乏组（56例），每组按随机数字法分为A亚组（维生素D3 800 IU/d）、B亚组（个体化补充维生素D3）。分析比较各组生后3个月25(OH)D水平、纠正胎龄10个月及纠正胎龄18个月25(OH)D水平及Gesell发育量表评分的差异。结果: 生后24 h内及3个月时，不足组、缺乏组25(OH)D水平低于充足组（P<0.05），不足组25(OH)D水平高于缺乏组（P<0.05）；缺乏组生后3个月时B亚组25(OH)D水平高于A亚组（P<0.05）。不足组和缺乏组纠正胎龄10个月、纠正胎龄18个月时Gesell发育量表5个能区得分均低于充足组（P<0.05）；缺乏组纠正胎龄10个月时言语能、纠正胎龄18个月时粗大动作能得分低于不足组（P<0.05）。缺乏组B亚组纠正胎龄10个月时适应能、纠正胎龄18个月时适应能和应物能得分高于A亚组（P<0.05）。结论: 晚期早产儿脐血25(OH)D水平存在明显差异，个体化补充维生素D方案对于纠正维生素D缺乏更为有效。出生时及婴儿早期维生素D水平对神经行为发育有一定影响。.
Keywords: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D; Behavioral development; Gesell Developmental Scale; Late preterm infant.