This study investigated the correlation between spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) and meteorological factors during different seasons. Patients who visited emergency rooms (ERs) in large cities in Korea and were discharged with SP from 2014 to 2016 were included in this study. Data on temperature, air pressure, and wind speed for each region were collected to obtain each factor's daily maximum, minimum, average, and changes. Days with more than 1 case of SP per million were referred to as pneumothorax days (PD) and those with less than 1 case of SP per million were referred to as non-pneumothorax days (NPD). The environmental factors were assessed on the same day (Day 0), 1 day prior (Day-1), and 2 days prior (Day-2) to PD and NPD per season. A total of 17,846 patients were included in this study. During winter, 4080 patients with SP visited the ERs of large cities with low population densities. The maximum temperature (0.16°C vs 0.76°C, 0.04°C vs 0.87°C, and 0.09°C vs 0.91°C), change in temperature (0.24°C vs 0.90°C, 0.38°C vs 0.81°C, and 0.41°C vs 0.83°C), average atmospheric pressure (0.16 vs 0.52 hPa, 0.25 vs 0.42 hPa, 0.34 vs 0.40 hPa), and maximum atmospheric pressure (0.15 vs 0.53 hPa, 0.28 vs 0.49 hPa, 0.33 vs 0.71 hPa) were greater for Day 0, Day-1, and Day-2, respectively, in PD than in NPD. Meanwhile, the average (0.31 vs 0.48 m/s, 0.28 vs 0.46 m/s, 0.20 vs 0.40 m/s), minimum (0.20 vs 0.31 m/s, 0.18 vs 0.25 m/s, 0.16 vs 0.25 m/s), and maximum (0.44 vs 0.67 m/s, 0.36 vs 0.71 m/s, 0.26 vs 0.58 m/s) wind speeds were slower, and the changes in wind speed (0.44 vs 0.67 m/s, 0.36 vs 0.71 m/s, 0.16 vs 0.25 m/s) were lower for all 3 days in PD than in NPD. High average and change in temperature, slow and unchanging wind speed, and high average and maximum atmospheric pressure were associated with SP. Since many findings of this study were contradictory to previous studies, it is assumed that the interaction of various factors affects SP.
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