Early patellar tendon rupture after total knee arthroplasty: A direct repair method

Tie-Jian Li; Jing-Yang Sun; Yin-Qiao Du; Jun-Min Shen; Bo-Han Zhang; Yong-Gang Zhou

doi:10.12998/wjcc.v10.i31.11349

Early patellar tendon rupture after total knee arthroplasty: A direct repair method

World J Clin Cases. 2022 Nov 6;10(31):11349-11357. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i31.11349.

Authors

Tie-Jian Li^{1

2}, Jing-Yang Sun^{1

2}, Yin-Qiao Du^{1

2}, Jun-Min Shen^{1

2}, Bo-Han Zhang^{1

2}, Yong-Gang Zhou^{1

3}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China.
² Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing 100853, China.
³ Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing 100853, China. ygzhou301@163.com.

Abstract

Background: Patellar tendon rupture after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a catastrophic complication. Although the occurrence of this injury is rare, it can lead to significant dysfunction for the patient and is very tricky to deal with. There has been no standard treatment for early patella tendon rupture after TKA, and long-term follow-up data are lacking.

Aim: To introduce a direct repair method for early patella tendon rupture following TKA and determine the clinical outcomes and complications of this method.

Methods: During the period of 2008 to 2021, 3265 consecutive TKAs were retrospectively reviewed. Twelve patients developed early patellar tendon rupture postoperatively and were treated by a direct repair method. Mean follow-up was 5.7 years. Demographic, operative, and clinical data were collected. The clinical outcomes were assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) score, the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score, knee range of motion, extensor lag, and surgical complications. Descriptive statistics and paired t test were employed to analyze the data.

Results: For all 12 patients who underwent direct repair for early patellar tendon rupture, 3 patients failed: One (8.3%) for infection and two (17.6%) for re-fracture. The two patients with re-fracture both underwent reoperation to reconstruct the extensor mechanism and the patient with infection underwent revision surgery. The range of motion was 109.2° ± 10.6° preoperatively to 87.9° ± 11° postoperatively, mean extensor lag was 21° at follow-up, and mean WOMAC and HSS scores were 65.8 ± 30.9 and 60.3 ± 21.7 points, respectively.

Conclusion: This direct repair method of early patellar tendon rupture is not an ideal therapy. It is actually ineffective for the recovery of knee joint function in patients, and is still associated with severe knee extension lag and high complication rates. Compared with the outcomes of other repair methods mentioned in the literature, this direct repair method shows poor clinical outcomes.

Keywords: Direct repair; High complication rates; Patellar tendon fracture; Reconstruction; Total knee arthroplasty.