Chronically administered Agave americana var. marginata extract ameliorates diabetes mellitus, associated behavioral comorbidities and biochemical parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Ambreen Aleem; Shahla Shahnaz; Sana Javaid; Waseem Ashraf; Muhammad Fawad Rasool; Tanveer Ahmad; Abdullah F Alotaibi; Khalid S Albeshri; Faleh Alqahtani; Imran Imran

doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2022.06.003

Chronically administered Agave americana var. marginata extract ameliorates diabetes mellitus, associated behavioral comorbidities and biochemical parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Saudi Pharm J. 2022 Oct;30(10):1373-1386. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.06.003. Epub 2022 Jun 13.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800 Multan, Pakistan.
² Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan, Pakistan.
³ Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800 Multan, Pakistan.
⁴ Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 5309, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale U1209, Grenoble Alpes University, 38700 La Tronche, France.
⁵ Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus causes hyperglycemia and associated complications to the brain. In current study, the traditionally reported remedial claims of Agave americana var. marginata has been scientifically investigated in diabetic rats.

Methodology: The methanolic extract of leaves of Agave americana var. marginata (Aa.Cr) was characterized for total phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant potential through in-vitro testing. The rats chronically pre-treated with Aa.Cr (400 and 600 mg/kg) for 45 days were challenged with alloxan-induced hyperglycemia. The dose-dependent effects of Aa.Cr on blood glucose levels and body weights were compared with diabetic rats using glibenclamide (0.6 mg/kg) as a standard. The animals were tested for diabetes-associated neurological comorbidities through behavioral and biochemical evaluation.

Results: The phenols and flavonoids enriched Aa.Cr caused a significant dose-dependent hypoglycemic effect. Aa.Cr showed protection from comorbid anxiety, depression and cognitive impairment as compared to diabetic rats. The alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein were prominently reduced, and high-density lipoprotein was increased in rats treated with Aa.Cr. Moreover, the oxidative stress in isolated brains was reduced by Aa.Cr.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that Aa.Cr is enriched with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phytoconstituents valuable for diabetes and related neurological complications.

Keywords: Agave marginate; Alloxan-induced diabetes; Antioxidant; Lipid profile; Morris water maze test; Open field test; Polyphenols.