A qualitative exploration of the mental health challenges and therapeutic needs of Canadian correctional workers

Elnaz Moghimi; Yuliya Knyahnytska; Yiran Zhu; Anchan Kumar; Alexander Knyahnytski; Charmy Patel; Mohsen Omrani; Cory Gerritsen; Michael Martin; Alexander Ian Frederic Simpson; Nazanin Alavi

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1004143

A qualitative exploration of the mental health challenges and therapeutic needs of Canadian correctional workers

Front Psychiatry. 2022 Oct 25:13:1004143. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1004143. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Elnaz Moghimi¹, Yuliya Knyahnytska², Yiran Zhu³, Anchan Kumar¹, Alexander Knyahnytski⁴, Charmy Patel¹, Mohsen Omrani^{1

5}, Cory Gerritsen², Michael Martin^{6

7}, Alexander Ian Frederic Simpson², Nazanin Alavi^{1

5

8}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
² Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
³ Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
⁴ Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
⁵ OPTT Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada.
⁶ Correctional Service of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
⁷ School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
⁸ Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.

Abstract

Purpose: Correctional work is described as a high-stress environment associated with increased prevalence of mental health disorders in employees. Identifying appropriate healthcare services necessitates investigating the mental health challenges and needs of correctional workers (CWs).

Methods: Individual interviews (n = 9; 5 M and 4 W) and a mixed gender focus group (n = 6; 3 M and 3 W) were conducted to gather a general sense of the mental health landscape. Data were analyzed to develop a targeted and comprehensive question guide for gender-specific focus groups (n = 14 unique participants; 6 M and 8 W).

Results: Eight themes emerged from the gender-specific focus groups. Themes focusing on work culture described the negative repercussions of job stress and the inability to discuss challenges openly due to confidentiality concerns and feelings of seclusion associated with the CW profession. Men were more likely to be subjected to physical violence and women to emotional and sexual harassment from staff and inmates. Themes related to mental health care described the benefits and limitations of the current services and digital mental healthcare. Stigma and accessibility were notable treatment barriers. Lastly, sector-specific therapy was seen as an important component in enhancing engagement and therapist interaction.

Conclusion: The study demonstrates the interconnection between work culture and CW mental health that needs to be acknowledged when addressing mental health care.

Keywords: correctional workers; internet; mental health; mental health disorders; online; psychotherapy; public safety personnel.