Glycolipid metabolism disorder are major threats to human health and life. Genetic, environmental, psychological, cellular, and molecular factors contribute to their pathogenesis. Several studies demonstrated that neuroendocrine axis dysfunction, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, chronic inflammatory response, and gut microbiota dysbiosis are core pathological links associated with it. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets of glycolipid metabolism disorder remain to be elucidated. Progress in high-throughput technologies has helped clarify the pathophysiology of glycolipid metabolism disorder. In the present review, we explored the ways and means by which genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and gut microbiomics could help identify novel candidate biomarkers for the clinical management of glycolipid metabolism disorder. We also discuss the limitations and recommended future research directions of multi-omics studies on these diseases.
Keywords: 1,5-AG, 1,5-anhydroglucitol; 2-AAA, 2-aminoadipic acid; 2-DGE, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis; ABCC8, ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 8; ADA, American Diabetes Association; AhR, aromatic hydrocarbon receptor; BA, bile acid; BCAA, branched-chain amino acid; BCKAs, branched chain keto acids; Biomarkers; CE, cholesterol ester; CFL1, cofilin-1; CRP, C reactive protein; CYP450, cytochrome P450; DAG, diacylglycerol; DPP-4, dipeptyl peptidase 4; EASD, European Association for the Study of Diabetes; FA, fatty acid; FFA, free fatty acid; FMT, fecal microbiota transplantation; FTO, fat mass and obesity-associated; GAS5, growth arrest-specific transcript 5; GC–MS/MS, gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1; GLP-1R, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor; GSIS, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion; GWAS, genome-wide association study; Glycolipid metabolism disorder; HGF, hepatocyte growth factor; HMG-CoA, hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A; HMGCR, 3-hydroxy-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase; HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography; HbA1C, glycylated hemoglobin; IL-1ra, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; IMP, imidazole propionate; IR, insulin resistance; JNK, c-Jun-N-terminal-kinase; KCNJ11, potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 11; L-GPC, linoleoyl-glycerophosphocholine; LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine; LPE, lysophosphatidylethanolamines; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MASP, mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease 1; MATE1, multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1; MDR1, multidrug resistance mutation 1; MGT, magnesium transporter; MS, Mass Spectrometry; Mechanism study; Multi-omics; NK, natural killer; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance; OCT, organic cationic transporter; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; PC-PL, phosphatidylcholine-plasmalogen; PE, phosphatidylethanolamines; PNPLA3, patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; PTBP1, polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1; PTP, protein tyrosine phosphatase; RNS, reactive nitrogen species; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SCFA, short-chain fatty acid; SLC30A8, solute carrier family 30 member 8; SLC47A1, solute carrier family 47 member 1; SLC5A2, solute carrier family 5 member 2; SM, sphingomyelin; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism; SSPG, steady-state plasma glucose; SUR1, sulfonylurea receptor 1; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; TAG, triacylglycerol; TCA, tricarboxylic acid; TCF7L2, transcription factor 7-like 2; TF, transcription factor; TMA, trimethylamine; TMAO, trimethylamine oxide; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; TOF-MS, time-of-flight mass spectrum; TUG1, taurine upregulated gene 1; USP20, ubiquitin-specificpeptidase 20; WBC, white blood cell; circRNA, circular RNA; hADCS, human adipose-derived stem cells; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; lnc-BATE1, brown adipose tissue enriched long non-coding RNA 1; lncRNA SHGL, lncRNA suppressor of hepatic gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis; lncRNA, long non-coding RNA; mRNA, messenger RNAs; mTORC1, mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1; miRNA, micro RNA; ncRNA, non-coding RNA; t-PA, tissue plasminogen activator; α-HB, α-hydroxybutyrate.
© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Research Network of Computational and Structural Biotechnology.