Habitual coffee consumption and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes in individuals with a history of gestational diabetes - a prospective study

Jiaxi Yang; Deirdre K Tobias; Shanshan Li; Shilpa N Bhupathiraju; Sylvia H Ley; Stefanie N Hinkle; Frank Qian; Zhangling Chen; Yeyi Zhu; Wei Bao; Jorge E Chavarro; Frank B Hu; Cuilin Zhang

doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqac241

Habitual coffee consumption and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes in individuals with a history of gestational diabetes - a prospective study

Am J Clin Nutr. 2022 Dec 19;116(6):1693-1703. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac241.

Authors

Jiaxi Yang^{1

2

3

4}, Deirdre K Tobias^{5

6}, Shanshan Li⁷, Shilpa N Bhupathiraju⁵, Sylvia H Ley⁸, Stefanie N Hinkle⁹, Frank Qian^{5

10}, Zhangling Chen¹¹, Yeyi Zhu¹², Wei Bao¹³, Jorge E Chavarro^{4

5

14}, Frank B Hu^{5

14}, Cuilin Zhang^{1

2

3

15}

Affiliations

¹ Global Center for Asian Women's Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
² Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
³ Bia-Echo Asia Centre for Reproductive Longevity & Equality (ACRLE), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
⁴ Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
⁵ Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
⁶ Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
⁷ Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
⁸ Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
⁹ Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
¹¹ Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
¹² Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA.
¹³ Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
¹⁴ Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
¹⁵ Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA.

Abstract

Background: Females with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) later in life.

Objective: This study prospectively examined whether greater habitual coffee consumption was related to a lower risk of T2D among females with a history of GDM.

Methods: We followed 4522 participants with a history of GDM in the NHS II for incident T2D between 1991 and 2017. Demographic, lifestyle factors including diet, and disease outcomes were updated every 2-4 y. Participants reported consumption of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee on validated FFQs. Fasting blood samples were collected in 2012-2014 from a subset of participants free of diabetes to measure glucose metabolism biomarkers (HbA1c, insulin, C-peptide; n = 518). We used multivariable Cox regression models to calculate adjusted HRs and 95% CIs for the risk of T2D. We estimated the least squares mean of glucose metabolic biomarkers according to coffee consumption.

Results: A total of 979 participants developed T2D. Caffeinated coffee consumption was inversely associated with the risk of T2D. Adjusted HR (95% CI) for ≤1 (nonzero), 2-3, and 4+ cups/d compared with 0 cup/d (reference) was 0.91 (0.78, 1.06), 0.83 (0.69, 1.01), and 0.46 (0.28, 0.76), respectively (P-trend = 0.004). Replacement of 1 serving/d of sugar-sweetened beverage and artificially sweetened beverage with 1 cup/d of caffeinated coffee was associated with a 17% (risk ratio [RR] = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.93) and 9% (RR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.84, 0.99) lower risk of T2D, respectively. Greater caffeinated coffee consumption was associated with lower fasting insulin and C-peptide concentrations (all P-trend <0.05). Decaffeinated coffee intake was not significantly related to T2D but was inversely associated with C-peptide concentrations (P-trend = 0.003).

Conclusions: Among predominantly Caucasian females with a history of GDM, greater consumption of caffeinated coffee was associated with a lower risk of T2D and a more favorable metabolic profile.

Keywords: coffee consumption; diet; individuals with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus; nutrition; type 2 diabetes risk.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

Biomarkers
C-Peptide
Coffee
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / etiology
Diabetes, Gestational* / etiology
Female
Humans
Pregnancy
Prospective Studies
Risk Factors
Sweetening Agents

Substances

Coffee
Sweetening Agents
C-Peptide
Biomarkers

Abstract

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Grants and funding