The Expression of IL-1β Correlates with the Expression of Galectin-3 in the Tissue at the Maternal-Fetal Interface during the Term and Preterm Labor

Nikola Jovic; Marija Milovanovic; Jovana Joksimovic Jovic; Marija Bicanin Ilic; Dejana Rakic; Vladimir Milenkovic; Bojana Stojanovic; Jelena Milovanovic; Aleksandar Arsenijevic; Nebojsa Arsenijevic; Mirjana Varjacic

doi:10.3390/jcm11216521

The Expression of IL-1β Correlates with the Expression of Galectin-3 in the Tissue at the Maternal-Fetal Interface during the Term and Preterm Labor

J Clin Med. 2022 Nov 3;11(21):6521. doi: 10.3390/jcm11216521.

Authors

Nikola Jovic^{1

2}, Marija Milovanovic³, Jovana Joksimovic Jovic⁴, Marija Bicanin Ilic^{1

2}, Dejana Rakic^{1

2}, Vladimir Milenkovic⁵, Bojana Stojanovic^{3

6}, Jelena Milovanovic^{3

7}, Aleksandar Arsenijevic³, Nebojsa Arsenijevic³, Mirjana Varjacic^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
² Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
³ Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
⁴ Department of Physiology Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
⁵ Clinic for Thoracic Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
⁶ Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
⁷ Department of Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.

Abstract

The inflammatory processes that occur at the maternal−fetal interface are considered one of the factors that are responsible for preterm birth. The pro-inflammatory roles of the Gal-3-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the consecutive production of IL-1β have been described in several acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, but the role of this inflammatory axis in parturition has not been studied. The aim of this study was to analyze the protein expression of Gal-3, NLRP3, and IL-1β in the decidua, villi, and fetal membranes, and to analyze their mutual correlation and correlation with the clinical parameters of inflammation in preterm birth (PTB) and term birth (TB). The study included 40 women that underwent a preterm birth (gestational age of 25.0−36.6) and histological chorioamnionitis (PTB) and control subjects, 22 women that underwent a term birth (gestational age of 37.0−41.6) without histological chorioamnionitis (TB). An analysis of the tissue sections that were stained with anti- Gal-3, -NLRP3, and -IL-1β antibodies was assessed by three independent investigators. The expression levels of Gal-3 and IL-1β were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the decidua, villi, and fetal membranes in the PTB group when they compared to those of the TB group, while there was no difference in the expression of NLRP3. A further analysis revealed that there was no correlation between the protein expression of NLRP3 and the expression of Gal-3 and IL-1β, but there was a correlation between the expression of Gal-3 and IL-1β in decidua (R = 0.401; p = 0.008), villi (R = 0.301; p = 0.042) and the fetal membranes (R = 0.428; p = 0.002) in both of the groups, PTB and TB. In addition, the expression of Gal-3 and IL-1β in decidua and the fetal membranes was in correlation with the parameters of inflammation in the maternal and fetal blood (C-reactive protein, leukocyte number, and fibrinogen). The strong correlation between the expression of Gal-3 and IL-1β in the placental and fetal tissues during labor indicates that Gal-3 may participate in the regulation of the inflammatory processes in the placenta, leading to increased production of IL-1β, a cytokine that plays the main role in both term and preterm birth.

Keywords: Galectin-3; IL-1β; chorioamnionitis; preterm birth; term birth.

Grants and funding

This research was funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Serbia (Agreement No 175069) and the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the University of Kragujevac, Serbia (JP 04/21).