From the discovery of IgE to the in-depth characterization of Th2 cells and ILC2, allergic inflammation has been extensively addressed to find potential therapeutical targets. To date, omalizumab, an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody, and dupilumab, an anti-IL-4 receptor α monoclonal antibody, represent two pillars of biologic therapy of allergic inflammation. Their increasing indications and long-term follow-up studies are shaping the many different faces of allergy. At the same time, their limitations are showing the intricate pathogenesis of allergic diseases.
Keywords: CRSwNP; allergy; asthma; atopic dermatitis; desensitization; dupilumab; efficacy; eosinophilic esophagitis; immunotherapy; omalizumab; practical approach; safety; urticaria.