The complexity of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment makes studying hematological malignancies in vitro a challenging task. Three-dimensional cell cultures are being actively studied, particularly due to their ability to serve as a bridge of the gap between 2D cultures and animal models. The role of 3D in vitro models in studying the mechanisms of chemotherapeutic resistance and leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is not well-reviewed. We present an overview of 3D cell models used for studying AML, emphasizing the recent advancements in microenvironment modeling, chemotherapy testing, and resistance.
Keywords: acute myeloid leukemia (AML); allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (Allo-HSCT); bone marrow (BM); decellularized Wharton jelly matrix (DWJM); extra cellular matrix (ECM); hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs); leukemia stem cells (LSCs); mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); minimum residual disease (MRD); myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).