1 Mali ‑ International Center of Excellence in Research (ICER‑Mali), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali.
2 Dermatology Hospital of Bamako, Bamako, Mali.
3 Mali ‑ International Center of Excellence in Research (ICER‑Mali), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali. mbsangare@icermali.org.
4 Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada. mbsangare@icermali.org.
5 National Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Program, Ministry of Health and Public Hygiene, Bamako, Mali.
6 Centre Suisse de Recherche Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 1303 Abidjan 01, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
7 UFR Science de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 01, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
8 School of Community Health Sciences, Njala University, Bo, Sierra Leone.
9 Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
10 Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
11 Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.