Objective: To analyze the change trend of underground dust concentration, the incidence and survival status of pneumoconiosis patients, and provide reference for improving the working environment of dust-exposed workers and the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis patients in the future. Methods: In February 2020, a retrospective investigation was conducted on the dust data of underground mining operations in a steel enterprise in Jiangsu Province from 1991 to 2019, and the case data of patients diagnosed with pneumoconiosis from 1956 to 2019 were collected. The time trends of the number of pneumoconiosis patients and dust concentration, the stage of pneumoconiosis and survival status of patients were analyzed. Results: From 1956 to 2019, a total of 241 patients with pneumoconiosis were diagnosed in the steel enterprise. From 1991 to 2019, the annual average dust concentration in the mine showed a downward trend as a whole. Compared with the transportation platform (14.28%, 1447/10132) , the average dust concentration exceeding rate of the mining platform (43.68%, 8415/19263) was significantly higher (χ(2)=2674.84, P<0.01) . The average age of pneumoconiosis patients was (73.54±10.42) years old, and the average working age of dust exposure was (21.41±8.68) years, of which 85 cases (35.27%) survived and 156 cases (64.73%) died. The main type of pneumoconiosis was silicosis (90.46%, 218/241) , and the main stage of pneumoconiosis was the stage I (96.68%, 233/241) ; The higher the stage of pneumoconiosis, the younger the diagnosis age (P<0.01) . The average survival time of patients was (27.264±1.982) years, and the median survival time was 28 years. The cumulative survival rates of patients with pneumoconiosis in different diagnosis time periods were significantly different (χ(2)=35.57, P<0.01) . Conclusion: The improved dust-proof measures have a significant effect on reducing the concentration of underground dust. We need to focus on the dust control of underground mining platforms and the treatment of patients with stage Ⅲ pneumoconiosis.
目的： 分析江苏省某钢铁企业井下粉尘浓度变化趋势、尘肺病患者发病情况及生存状态，为今后完善接尘职工的作业环境及尘肺病防治工作提供参考。 方法： 于2020年2月，回顾性调查江苏省某钢铁企业1991-2019年采矿场井下作业粉尘数据，并收集该企业1956-2019年尘肺病确诊患者的个案资料，分析尘肺病患者例数和粉尘浓度时间变化趋势、患者尘肺病期别和生存状态。 结果： 1956-2019年该企业共确诊尘肺病患者241例，1991-2019年井下各年平均粉尘浓度随时间推移整体呈下降趋势。与运输平台（14.28%，1 447/10 132）比较，采掘平台平均粉尘浓度超标率（43.68%，8 415/19 263）明显较高（χ(2)=2 674.84，P<0.01）；尘肺病患者平均确诊年龄（73.54±10.42）岁，平均接尘工龄（21.41±8.68）年，其中存活85例（35.27%）、死亡156例（64.73%），主要尘肺病类型为矽肺（90.46%，218/241），主要尘肺病期别为壹期（96.68%，233/241）；患者尘肺病期别越高，确诊年龄越小（P<0.01）。患者平均生存时间为（27.264±1.982）年，中位生存时间为28年，不同诊断时间段的尘肺病患者累积生存率差异有统计学意义（χ(2)=35.57，P<0.01）。 结论： 改进后的防尘措施对降低井下粉尘浓度起到显著效果，我们需重点关注井下采掘平台的粉尘治理，并关注叁期尘肺病患者的治疗。.
Keywords: Age at diagnosis; Dust concentration; Mining platform; Pneumoconiosis; Survival time.