A novel sensing platform for electrochemical detection of metronidazole antibiotic based on green-synthesized magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles

Rosan Zokhtareh; Mostafa Rahimnejad; Ghasem Najafpour-Darzi; Hassan Karimi-Maleh

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.114643

A novel sensing platform for electrochemical detection of metronidazole antibiotic based on green-synthesized magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles

Environ Res. 2023 Jan 1;216(Pt 3):114643. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114643. Epub 2022 Oct 29.

Authors

Rosan Zokhtareh¹, Mostafa Rahimnejad², Ghasem Najafpour-Darzi³, Hassan Karimi-Maleh⁴

Affiliations

¹ Biofuel and Renewable Energy Research Center, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran.
² Biofuel and Renewable Energy Research Center, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran. Electronic address: Rahimnejad@nit.ac.ir.
³ Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran.
⁴ School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, P.O. Box 611731, Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu, PR China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, 2028 Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, South Africa.

PMID: 36341789
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114643

Abstract

The spread of antibiotic resistant genes has become a serious global concern. Thus, the development of efficient antibiotic monitoring systems to reduce their environmental risks is of great importance. Here, a potent electrochemical sensor was fabricated to detect metronidazole (MNZ) on the basis of green synthesis of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) using Sambucus ebulus L. leaves alcoholic plant extract as a safe and impressive reducing and stabilizing agent. Several analyses such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) confirmed the production of homogeneous, monodisperse, regular, and stable magnetite NPs with a spherical morphology. The as-prepared Fe₃O₄NPs were afterwards applied to evaluate the electrochemical activity of MNZ by merging them with graphene nanosheets (GR NSs) on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The GR/Fe₃O₄NPs/GCE represented extraordinary catalytic activity toward MNZ with two dynamic ranges of 0.05-5 μM and 5-120 μM, limit of detection (LOD) of 0.23 nM, limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.76 nM, and sensitivity of 7.34 μA μM^-1 cm^-2. The fabricated sensor was further employed as a practical tool for electrochemical detection of MNZ in real aqueous samples.

Keywords: Electrochemical detection; Graphene nanosheets; Magnetite nanoparticles; Metronidazole; Sambucus ebulus L..

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Anti-Bacterial Agents
Carbon / chemistry
Electrochemical Techniques / methods
Magnetic Phenomena
Magnetite Nanoparticles* / chemistry
Metronidazole* / analysis

Substances

Metronidazole
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Magnetite Nanoparticles
Carbon