Relationship among airborne pollen, sensitization, and pollen food allergy syndrome in Asian allergic children

Yoonha Hwang; Chikako Motomura; Hironobu Fukuda; Reiko Kishikawa; Naoto Watanabe; Shigemi Yoshihara

doi:10.7717/peerj.14243

Relationship among airborne pollen, sensitization, and pollen food allergy syndrome in Asian allergic children

PeerJ. 2022 Nov 1:10:e14243. doi: 10.7717/peerj.14243. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Yoonha Hwang¹, Chikako Motomura², Hironobu Fukuda³, Reiko Kishikawa⁴, Naoto Watanabe⁵, Shigemi Yoshihara³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pediatrics, Busan St. Mary's Hospital, Busan, South Korea.
² Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Fukuoka National Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
³ Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, Tochigi, Japan.
⁴ Department of Allergy, National Hospital Organization Fukuoka National Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
⁵ Department of Allergy Internal Medicine, Seirei Yokohama Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.

Abstract

Background: Causes of pediatric pollen food allergy syndrome (PFAS) differ depending on airborne pollen levels in a particular region. We aimed to analyze airborne pollen counts, IgE sensitization rates, and PFAS incidence among children with allergies in South Korea and Japan.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included children aged 5-17 years with allergies in 2017. Airborne pollen samples were collected from Busan in South Korea, and Fukuoka and Tochigi in Japan. Questionnaires were used to assess bronchial asthma, seasonal allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, and PFAS. The serum IgE specific to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, pollen, tomato, and peach were investigated.

Results: In total, 57, 56, and 20 patients from Busan, Fukuoka, and Tochigi, respectively, were enrolled. Airborne Japanese cedar and cypress pollen were predominant in Fukuoka and Tochigi, whereas pine and alder pollen were predominant in Busan. Children with allergies in Fukuoka and Tochigi had a significantly higher sensitization rate to Japanese cedar, cypress, juniper, orchard grass, ragweed, Japanese hop, and tomato compared with children in Busan. In Fukuoka and Tochigi, where Japanese cedar and cypress pollen were frequently scattered, high sensitizations among allergic children were observed. The sensitization rate was not affected by the pollen count in alder, grass, ragweed, and Japanese hop. In multivariable analysis, only alder sensitization was found to be associated with PFAS (odds ratio: 6.62, 95% confidence interval: 1.63-26.87, p = 0.008). In patients with PFAS in Busan and Tochigi, peach associated with birch allergen Bet v 1 was a causative food item for PFAS. Moreover, PFAS was associated with ragweed and Japanese hop pollen sensitization in Fukuoka.

Conclusion: Regardless of pollen counts, alder pollen sensitization was associated with PFAS in children. Ragweed and Japanese hop pollen sensitization were associated with PFAS, particularly among children in southern Japan.

Keywords: Airborne pollen; Alder; Pollen food allergy syndrome; Ragweed; Seasonal allergic rhinitis.

MeSH terms

Allergens
Alnus*
Ambrosia
Child
Cross-Sectional Studies
Cryptomeria*
Fluorocarbons*
Food Hypersensitivity* / epidemiology
Humans
Immunoglobulin E
Pollen / adverse effects
Syndrome

Substances

Allergens
Immunoglobulin E
Fluorocarbons

Grants and funding

The authors received no funding for this work.