Previously, we isolated a novel Phocaeicola strain, Phocaeicola faecalis FXJYN30E22, from the feces of a healthy human from China. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the distribution of FXJYN30E22 differed in the intestinal tract of different hosts. We aimed to determine whether FXJYN30E22 protects against ulcerative colitis by employing a mouse model. In this study, dextran sulfate sodium was used to construct the UC model. The disease activity index, colon length, body weight changes, and histological scores were used as the pathological indicators to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of P. faecalis FXJYN30E22. Further, cytokine levels, tight junction mRNA expression levels, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations were also analyzed. Phocaeicola faecalis FXJYN30E22 could reduce the DSS-induced increase in DAI score, and enhance the colon length and body weight. Phocaeicola faecalis FXJYN30E22 could enhance TJ protein concentration and modulate the level of cytokines to reach levels close to those of the control group. FXJYN30E22 could also upregulate the concentrations of SCFA, which include acetate and butyrate. Based on the correlation analysis, four factors, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-1β levels, and propionate concentration, were related to the protective roles of FXJYN30E22 in UC mice to different degrees. According to an analysis of the genomic information, the potential protective effects of strain FXJYN30E22 may be associated with the secretion of SCFA by specific genes. These findings suggest that oral P. faecalis FXJYN30E22 could help maintain the epithelial barrier by regulating cytokine levels and secreting SCFA.
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