Immunogenic cell death-related risk signature predicts prognosis and characterizes the tumour microenvironment in lower-grade glioma

Jiayang Cai; Yuanyuan Hu; Zhang Ye; Liguo Ye; Lun Gao; Yixuan Wang; Qian Sun; Shiao Tong; Ji'an Yang; Qianxue Chen

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1011757

Immunogenic cell death-related risk signature predicts prognosis and characterizes the tumour microenvironment in lower-grade glioma

Front Immunol. 2022 Oct 17:13:1011757. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1011757. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Jiayang Cai^{1

2}, Yuanyuan Hu³, Zhang Ye^{1

2}, Liguo Ye^{1

2}, Lun Gao^{1

2}, Yixuan Wang^{1

2}, Qian Sun^{1

2}, Shiao Tong^{1

2}, Ji'an Yang^{1

2}, Qianxue Chen^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
² Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
³ Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.

Abstract

Lower-grade glioma (LGG) is a common malignant primary tumour in the central nervous system, and most patients eventually develop highly aggressive gliomas despite comprehensive traditional treatment. Tumour molecular subtypes and prognostic biomarkers play a crucial role in LGG diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, the identification of novel biomarkers in LGG patients is crucial for predicting the prognosis of glioma. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is defined as regulated cell death that is sufficient to activate the adaptive immune response of immunocompetent hosts. The combination of ICD and immunotherapy might exert a greater and more persistent antitumour effect in gliomas. In our study, we explored the expression, function, and genetic alterations of 34 ICD-related genes. Using 12 ICD-related genes, including IL17RA, IL1R1, EIF2AK3, CD4, PRF1, CXCR3, CD8A, BAX, PDIA3, CASP8, MYD88, and CASP1, we constructed and validated an ICD-related risk signature via least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis. All the information was obtained from public databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases. Our results revealed that ICD-high risk groups have a poor prognosis and might be more sensitive to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapy. In addition, ICD-high risk groups were associated with 1p19q noncodeletion, higher WHO grade, wild type IDH, and an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. We verified the prognostic value of 12 ICD-related genes in TCGA and CGGA databases. Immunohistochemistry was performed to verify the expression of several ICD-related genes at the protein level. Our study provides a novel and comprehensive perspective to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of LGG prognosis and direction for future individualized cancer immunotherapy.

Keywords: Immunogenic cell death; immunotherapy; lower-grade gliomas; prognosis; tumour microenvironment.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Brain Neoplasms* / genetics
Brain Neoplasms* / pathology
Brain Neoplasms* / therapy
Glioma* / genetics
Glioma* / metabolism
Glioma* / therapy
Humans
Immunogenic Cell Death
Prognosis
Transcriptome
Tumor Microenvironment / genetics