Patient tolerability during office cystoscopy and bladder tumor cauterization: a multivariate analysis of risk factors

Abstract

Objective: Cystoscopy and cauterization performed in the operating room is expensive and exposes patients to anesthesia risks. Patient tolerability during office cystoscopy and cauterization is critical to the office management of bladder cancer (BC) and other urologic diseases. We evaluated the risk factors for pain of flexible cystoscopy in the office-setting with emphasis on a sub-group of BC patients who underwent cauterization.

Materials and methods: Retrospective analyses of 110 anonymous patient surveys completed after cystoscopy and/or cauterization. Survey information included age, gender, indication for cystoscopy, number of prior cystoscopies, number of prior office-based cauterizations, anxiety prior/during cystoscopy, and pain during cystoscopy and/or cauterization. Univariate/multivariate and linear-regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association of pain with clinical parameters.

Results: Average pain during cystoscopy (1.75 ± 1.331) was not significantly different when cauterization was also performed (2.37 ± 2.214) (p < 0.001) (p = 0.2840). Patients in the lower age group (<66 years) indicated higher anxiety levels (p = 0.0005), more pain at cystoscopy (P = 0.004) and cauterization (p < 0.001). Although the patients' overall anxiety level was low (1-3/10), it was associated with some pain during cystoscopy (p = 0.0005) and cauterization (p < 0.000). In multivariate analysis, anxiety was the only independent predictor of pain during cystoscopy (p = 0.03, OR: 6.52,95% CI: 1.2-35.6) and cauterization (p = 0.0012, OR: 3.4, 95%CI: 1.6-7.0). In BC patients, pain scores during cystoscopy and cauterization were not significantly different (p = 0.4772) but associated with anxiety.

Conclusion: Office-based cystoscopy and cauterization are tolerable with minimal pain. Higher pain levels during cystoscopy were associated with procedure anxiety, and pain during cauterization was associated with procedure anxiety and younger age. Younger and more anxious patients may need more counseling before cystoscopy.

Keywords: Bladder cancer; Cauterización; Cauterization; Cistoscopia; Cystoscopy; Cáncer de vejiga; Manejo ambulatorio; Office management; Tolerabilidad; Tolerability.