The validation of the Norwegian Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale: A stratified sampling procedure

Jolene van der Kaap-Deeder; Alba Sanchez; Maria Regine Aasland Johannessen; Frode Stenseng; Ingvild Saksvik-Lehouillier; Andreas Heissel

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1032006

The validation of the Norwegian Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale: A stratified sampling procedure

Front Psychol. 2022 Oct 13:13:1032006. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1032006. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Jolene van der Kaap-Deeder¹, Alba Sanchez², Maria Regine Aasland Johannessen¹, Frode Stenseng¹, Ingvild Saksvik-Lehouillier¹, Andreas Heissel³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
² Social and Preventive Medicine, Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
³ Social- and Preventive Medicine, Intra-Faculty Unit, Cognitive Sciences, Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Science, and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Research Area Services Research and e-Health, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.

Abstract

This study aimed to validate the Norwegian version of the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS) and to examine its relations with indicators of well-being and ill-being. Additionally, despite the vast number of studies employing the BPNSFS, norms related to the BPNSFS are currently lacking. Therefore, we also aimed to provide normative data for this scale. Data were collected among a representative sample of 326 participants (M age = 42.90 years, SD = 14.76; range 18-70) in Norway, of which 49.7% was female. Results yielded evidence for a six-factor structure (i.e., combining satisfaction/frustration with the type of need) and showed the subscales to be highly reliable. Subsequent structural equation modeling showed that both need satisfaction and need frustration related strongly to vitality, life satisfaction, and internalizing symptoms, but in opposite ways. Norm scores were provided, thereby differentiating between women and men and different age groups. These findings support the use of the Norwegian BPNSFS and provide researchers and professionals with normative data on the most widely used tool to assess individuals' satisfaction and frustration of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness.

Keywords: basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration scale; basic psychological needs; mental health; self-determination theory; validation study.