Objective: To compare the effectiveness of open reduction and internal fixation with plate and closed reduction and internal fixation with Kirschner wire (K-wire) in the treatment of intra-articular displaced calcaneal fractures in older children.
Methods: A clinical data of 35 older children (37 feet) with intra-articular displaced calcaneal fractures who were admitted between November 2014 and November 2020 and met the selection criteria were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 19 cases (20 feet) underwent open reduction and internal fixation with plate (plate group), and 16 cases (17 feet) underwent closed reduction and internal fixation with K-wire (K-wire group). There was no significant difference in gender, age, cause of injury, side and type of fracture, and time from injury to admission, and preoperative calcaneal Gissane angle and Böhler angle ( P>0.05). The postoperative calcaneal Gissane angle, Böhler angle, complications, and fracture healing were compared between the two groups. The ankle function was evaluated based on the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scoring system.
Results: Incision necrosis occurred in 1 foot in the plate group after operation, which healed after symptomatic treatment; the other incisions in the two groups healed by first intention. All children were followed up 12-39 months (mean, 19 months). X-ray films showed that the fractures in both groups healed; the healing time was (2.65±0.71) months in the plate group and (2.24±1.38) months in the K-wire group respectively, with no significant difference ( t=1.161, P=0.253). At last follow-up, the calcaneal Gissane angle and Böhler angle returned to normal; and the difference between pre- and post-operation in the two group was significant (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups in the difference between before and after operation ( P>0.05). In the plate group, the plate was removed at 11-22 months after operation (mean, 16.8 months). At last follow-up, the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score in the plate group was 91.2±5.1, which was significantly higher than that in the K-wire group (86.9±6.1) ( t=2.316, P=0.027). The ankle function was rated as excellent in 15 feet, good in 4 feet, and fair in 1 foot in the plate group, and excellent in 14 feet and good in 3 feet in the K-wire group, and the difference between the two groups was not significant ( Z=1.712, P=0.092).
Conclusion: For intra-articular displaced calcaneal fracture in older children, the open reduction and internal fixation with plate and closed reduction and internal fixation with K-wire can achieve good effectiveness, but the former has better recovery of ankle function.
目的: 比较切开复位钢板内固定与闭合撬拨复位克氏针内固定治疗大龄儿童跟骨关节内移位骨折的疗效。.
方法: 回顾性分析2014年11月—2020年11月收治且符合选择标准的35例（37足）大龄儿童跟骨关节内移位骨折临床资料。其中，19例（20足）行切开复位钢板内固定（钢板组），16例（17足）行闭合撬拨复位克氏针内固定（克氏针组）。两组患儿性别、年龄、致伤原因、骨折侧别及类型、受伤至入院时间以及术前跟骨Gissane角、Böhler角比较，差异均无统计学意义（ P>0.05）。比较两组并发症及骨折愈合情况，跟骨Gissane角及Böhler角，以及踝关节功能美国矫形足踝协会（AOFAS）踝-后足评分。.
结果: 术后钢板组1足发生切口皮肤坏死，经对症处理后愈合；其余患儿切口均Ⅰ期愈合。两组患儿均获随访，随访时间12～39个月，平均19个月。X线片复查示两组骨折均愈合；钢板组愈合时间为（2.65±0.71）个月，克氏针组为（2.24±1.38）个月，差异无统计学意义（ t=1.161， P=0.253）；末次随访时跟骨Gissane角、Böhler角均恢复正常，组内手术前后比较差异均有统计学意义（ P<0.05），组间手术前后差值比较差异无统计学意义（ P>0.05）。钢板组于术后11～22个月，平均16.8个月取出钢板。末次随访时，钢板组AOFAS踝-后足评分为（91.2±5.1）分，高于克氏针组（86.9±6.1）分，差异有统计学意义（ t=2.316， P=0.027）；其中钢板组获优15足、良4足、可1足，克氏针组获优14足、良3足，组间差异无统计学意义（ Z=1.712， P=0.092）。.
结论: 切开复位钢板内固定和闭合撬拨复位克氏针内固定治疗大龄儿童跟骨关节内移位骨折均可获得较好疗效，但前者术后患儿足踝功能恢复更好。.
Keywords: Calcaneal fracture; Kirschner wire; displaced fracture; internal fixation; intra-articular fracture; older children; plate.