Reclamation of ginseng residues using two-stage fermentation and evaluation of their beneficial effects as dietary feed supplements for piglets

Dan Xiao; Hongze Shao; Yang Huo; Wahyunanto Agung Nugroho; Blessing Ifeoluwa Ogunniran; Wei Fan; Mingxin Huo

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2022.10.020

Reclamation of ginseng residues using two-stage fermentation and evaluation of their beneficial effects as dietary feed supplements for piglets

Waste Manag. 2022 Dec:154:293-302. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.10.020. Epub 2022 Oct 26.

Authors

Dan Xiao¹, Hongze Shao², Yang Huo³, Wahyunanto Agung Nugroho⁴, Blessing Ifeoluwa Ogunniran³, Wei Fan⁵, Mingxin Huo³

Affiliations

¹ Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun 130033, China.
² Jilin Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Changchun 130000, China.
³ School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China.
⁴ Department of Agricultural Engineering, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia.
⁵ School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China. Electronic address: fanw100@nenu.edu.cn.

PMID: 36308796
DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.10.020

Abstract

Environmental pollution caused by herbal residues, such as ginseng residue (GR), and the huge waste of medicinal ingredients in such residues hinder the development of the pharmaceutical industry. Few studies focused on the biotransformation of GRs and the practical utilization of their bioproducts. In this study, we developed a two-stage fermentation method to optimize GR bioconversion and used the fermented products as dietary supplements for piglets. The tested GR contained abundant lignocelluloses, protein, sugar, and amino acids. Approximately 43.10% of the total lignocelluloses were degraded into sugars by Inonotus obliquus in stage 1 of fermentation. Meanwhile, the sugar content increased by 36.20%, which became the feed for Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in stage 2 of fermentation. These two strains boosted the production of bacterial proteins and other metabolites, including peptides, organic acids, and amino acids. At the end of fermentation, the contents of bioactive compounds significantly increased by 3.18%-21.79%. The dietary supplementation of fermented GR significantly improved the growth performance (6.47%-7.98%), intestinal microbiota, immune function, and healthy status and reduced the diarrhea incidence and noxious gas emission of the piglets. This study provides evidence-based results for the development and deployment of a circular economy between ginseng and livestock industries.

Keywords: Beneficial effects; Bioconversion; Dietary supplementation; Ginseng residue; Piglet.