Medium-chain Acyl-COA dehydrogenase deficiency: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment

Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2023 Jan;6(1):e385. doi: 10.1002/edm2.385. Epub 2022 Oct 27.

Abstract

Introduction: Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (MCADD) is the most common inherited metabolic disorder of β-oxidation. Patients with MCADD present with hypoketotic hypoglycemia, which may quickly progress to lethargy, coma, and death. Prognosis for MCADD patients is highly promising once a diagnosis has been established, though management strategies may vary depending on the severity of illness and the presence of comorbidities.

Methods and results: Given the rapid developments in the world of gene therapy and implementation of newborn screening for inherited metabolic disorders, the provision of concise and contemporary knowledge of MCADD is essential for clinicians to effectively manage patients. Thus, this review aims to consolidate current information for physicians on the pathogenesis, diagnostic tools, and treatment options for MCADD patients.

Conclusion: MCADD is a commonly inherited metabolic disease with serious implications for health outcomes, particularly in children, that may be successfully managed with proper intervention.

Keywords: dietary management; fatty acids; medium-chain Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; metabolic myopathy; β-Oxidation.

Publication types

  • Review
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase / genetics
  • Child
  • Humans
  • Hypoglycemia* / diagnosis
  • Hypoglycemia* / etiology
  • Hypoglycemia* / therapy
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors* / complications
  • Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors* / diagnosis
  • Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors* / therapy
  • Neonatal Screening / adverse effects

Substances

  • Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase

Supplementary concepts

  • Medium chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency