Physicochemical and biological properties of four calcium silicate-based endodontic cements

Seok Woo Chang; Alexis Gaudin; Mirek Tolar; Soram Oh; Su-Young Moon; Ove A Peters

doi:10.1016/j.jds.2022.04.001

Physicochemical and biological properties of four calcium silicate-based endodontic cements

J Dent Sci. 2022 Oct;17(4):1586-1594. doi: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.04.001. Epub 2022 Apr 21.

Authors

Seok Woo Chang¹, Alexis Gaudin², Mirek Tolar³, Soram Oh¹, Su-Young Moon⁴, Ove A Peters^{5

6}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Conservative Dentistry, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
² Nantes Université, Oniris, Univ Angers, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, F-44000 Nantes, France.
³ Departments of Orthodontics and Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA.
⁴ Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
⁵ The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
⁶ Departments of Endodontics, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Abstract

Background/purpose: Several brands of calcium silicate-based cements (CSBCs) are currently marketed. Here we compared physicochemical and biological properties of new products Ortho MTA (BioMTA), Retro MTA (BioMTA), and EZ-Seal (Ezekiel) to widely used ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Tulsa).

Materials and methods: CSBCs were analyzed by X-ray diffractometry and examined by scanning electron microscopy. Elemental composition was determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy. Particle size was measured by particle size analyzer. Human stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) were incubated with eluates from CSBCs. Survival of SCAP cells was evaluated with MTT assay. The Alizarin red S stain was used to identify calcified nodules formed in SCAP cultures. The effects of CSBC eluates on SCAP proliferation and migration were examined using an in-vitro scratch "wound-healing" assay.

Results: All CSBC specimens showed similar X-ray diffraction patterns. The average particle size of EZ-Seal was smaller than ProRoot MTA, Ortho MTA, and Retro MTA (P < 0.001). The least cytotoxicity of eluates was found for EZ-Seal. In the Alizarin red S staining test, calcified nodules were observed in cultures with ProRoot MTA, Ortho MTA, and Retro MTA, however, no calcified nodules were observed in cultures with EZ-Seal. SCAP proliferation and migration capacity in presence of EZ-Seal was higher than with ProRoot MTA, Ortho MTA, and Retro MTA (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: EZ-Seal has a smaller average particle size and a better cytocompatibility than all other examined CSBCs.

Keywords: Biocompatibility; Calcium silicate-based endodontic cement; Mineral trioxide aggregate; Physicochemical properties; in vitro “wound-healing” assay.